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Physics
Paper 1
Atomic Structure and Radioactivity
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Physics > Paper 1 > Atomic Structure and Radioactivity
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Physics > Paper 1 > Atomic Structure and Radioactivity
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Cards (95)
Atom
Basic
structure
of atoms
Atoms are very small, with a radius around 1 *
10
^ of -
10
m
Nucleus
Central region
of an atom, with a radius less than
1,000th
the radius of the atom
Nucleus
Contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge)
Has an overall
positive
charge
Electrons
Surround the
nucleus
and have a
negative charge
Energy
levels
Distances from the
nucleus
where
electrons
are found
Energy
levels further from the nucleus
Are at a
higher
energy
Electron
arrangement changes
1. Absorb
electromagnetic
radiation (e.g. light)
2. Electron moves to
higher
energy level
3. Emit
electromagnetic
radiation
4. Electron returns to
lower
energy level
Atomic number
The number of
protons
in an atom
Mass
number
The total number of
protons
and
neutrons
in an atom
Calculating
the number of
neutrons
Subtract the
atomic
number from the
mass
number
Isotope
Atoms
of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons
Ion
An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it an overall positive or negative charge
When an atom
loses
one
electron
The
ion
has a +
1 charge
When an atom loses
two electrons
The
ion
has a +
2 charge
Atoms can also gain
electrons
to form
negative ions
The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of
protons
Atoms
have no overall charge because the positive charge of the protons is cancelled out by the
negative
charge of the electrons
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