cns

• Cranial Meninges


  Outermost covering of the brain that provides protection, absorb shock
• Layers of Cranial Meninges


  • Dura Mater
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Pia Mater

  
• Dura Mater


  • Falx cerebri - fold that projects between cerebral hemispheres, contains superior/inferior sagittal sinuses
  • Falx cerebelli - fold that separates cerebellum hemispheres
  • Tentorium cerebelli - fold that separates cerebrum from cerebellum, contains transverse sinus

  
• Meningitis


  Inflammation of the meninges
• Sinus


  Fluid filled space in cranial meninges
• Epidural Hematoma


  Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull

  
• Ventricles


  • 2 lateral ventricles in telencephalon
  • 3rd ventricle in diencephalon
  • 4th ventricle between brainstem and cerebellum

  
• Ventricles


  • Contain choroid plexus epithelial cells and produce CSF
• CSF flow


  1. Lateral ventricles

  2. Interventricular foramen

  3. 3rd ventricle

  4. Cerebral aqueduct

  5. 4th ventricle
• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)


  Provides buoyancy, protection, chemical stability, and prevents brain ischemia
• Each cerebral hemisphere receives sensory input and generates motor commands for the opposite side of the body (contralateral side)

  
• The assignment of a function to a given region of the cerebrum is imprecise
• Cerebral Lobes


  • Frontal - motor cortex
  • Parietal - somatosensory cortex
  • Occipital - visual cortex
  • Temporal - auditory/olfactory cortex
  • Insular - emotional/gustatory cortex

  
• Sulcus


  Groove on the surface of the brain
• Gyrus


  Ridge on the surface of the brain

  
• The central sulcus separates the primary motor cortex from the primary sensory cortex
• Brodmann areas are used to map the cerebral cortex

  
• The cerebrum has a somatotopic arrangement
• Types of Cerebral White Matter Fibers


  • Commissural fibers
  • Association fibers
  • Projection fibers

  
• Internal Capsule


  Contains the corticospinal tract
• Basal Nuclei


  • Corpus Striatum (Caudate Nucleus, Lentiform Nuclei - Putamen and Globus Pallidus)
  • Amygdaloid Body
  • Claustrum
• Lack of Dopamine in Basal Nuclei


  Causes Parkinson's Disease due to loss of dopamine producing cells in the substantia nigra