hist final review

• Reconstruction Amendments

  • 13- abolished slavery
  • 14- civil rights to freed people
  • 15- voting rights for blacks/ any male
• Inventors


  • Bell- phone
  • Edison- 1st light bulb
  • Westinghouse- transformer system
• Business Tycoons


  • Rockefeller- oil
  • Carnegie- steel
• Social Darwinism


  Survival of the fittest
• Political Parties during the Gilded Age


  • Republican
  • Democratic
  • Populist party (3rd party)
• Labor Unions during the Gilded Age

  • Knights of Labor- leader Terence Powderly
  • American Federation of Labor (AFL)- leader Samuel Gompers
• Dawes Severalty Act

  Divides open land to Native Americans as individuals/families of tribes, rest goes to settlers
• Plessy v Ferguson


  Separate but equal
• Spanish-American War:

  US fought in the Spanish-American War but didn't get Cuba
• Progressive Movement


  All the shortcomings of the gilded age tried to be fixed
• US joined World War I


  Because of the Zimmerman telegraph
• Espionage Act and the Sedition Act


  • Prohibit interference with the draft & other acts of national disloyalty
  • Made German products illegal
  • Both restricted civil liberties
• Wilson's 14 Points


  Ensure peace after WWI, called for an end to secret treaties, widespread arms reduction, national self-determination, and a new league of nations
• Diseases

  Spanish flu pandemic
• Two constitutional amendments


  • 16th amendment- fed gov can collect income tax
  • 17- elect senators
  • 18- prohibition
  • 19- women's right to vote/suffrage
• Warren G. Harding


  Promised Americans a return to "normalcy"
• Scopes Monkey Trial


  Scope's crime was violating Tennessee's laws against teaching evolution, Scope's represented by Clarence Darrow (defense attorney)
• Harlem Renaissance


  • Zora Neale Hurston
  • Langston Hughes
• Charles A. Lindbergh was the first person to fly solo
• Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression


  Did nothing b/c he believed gov shouldn't get involved
• Glass-Steagall Act

  Separated commercial banks from investment banks
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

  Provided millions of dollars to help indebted farmers pay their mortgages
• WWII (People living in the United States)


  • Japanese
  • Women etc, were minorities in US
• Atomic bombs


  Harry S. Truman authorized dropping bombs
• Consequences of World War II (World)


  • New power countries are US, Soviet Union
• GI Bill of Rights


  Helped returning WWII soldiers securing loan for home mortgages, complete education
• Fear of Communism in the United States


  2nd red scare, leader of hunting communists is Joseph McCarthy (McCarthyism)
• Marshall Plan


  US gave financial aid to help rebuild postwar Western Europe
• Korean War


  Began when the Soviet-backed North Koreans invaded South Korea and UN forces, dominated by the US, launched a counteroffensive
• Eisenhower's presidency


  National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
• Rock and Roll (1950s)


  Created by Alan Freed
• Russia launched 1st satellite Sputnik, US redoubled its space exploration efforts/ started space race
• Cuba missile crisis


  October 1962 (World Event)
• Berlin Wall


  Purpose was to stop the flow of East Germans to the West, showed divide between the communist and the capitalist worlds
• Brown v. Board of Education


  Supreme Court reversed Plessy v Ferguson
• Great Society


  Project Head Start (education)
• US put a lot of resources into Europe during the Cold War
• MLK & Robert Kennedy assassinated in 1968
• Watergate scandal


  Break in at democratic party headquarters in Washington's Watergate office, burglars planted electronic bugs inside
• Jimmy Carter's presidency


  Camp David accords