FINAL

• Neuron & Neurotransmitters 


  Neuron is a nerve cell that releases neurotransmitters (a hormone).
• Neuroglia Cell


  Homeostatic support, protection, and defense.
• Characteristics of a neuron


  Longevity, amitotic, high metabolic rate, can't survive without oxygen.
• Oligodendrocytes


  form myelin sheath in CNS
• Schwann cell


  Form myelin sheath in PNS
• Ohm's Law


  Current=Voltage/resistance
• Multipolar


  Single axon, MULTIPLE dendrites
• Bipolar


  ONE dendrite, one axon (nasal & eye cavity)
• Astrocytes


  Form blood brain barrier
• Microglia


  "Trash man"
• Ependymal


  Regulates cerebrospinal fluid
• Cerebrum


  Voluntary
• Cerebellum


  Motor skills
• Brain stem


  Connects brain to the spinal cord
• Cerebral cortex


  Human skills, contains broca's area
• Broca's area


  Speech production
• Wernicke's area


  Language comprehension
• Continues conduction


  slow, step by step, unmyelinated axons.
• Saltatory conduction


  Fast, myelin axons
• Function of cerebral spinal fluid 


  Buoyancy, protection, environmental stability
• What cell aids in nerve regeneration?

  Schwann cell
• Meninges


  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia mater
• Steps of action potential 


  1. rest
  2. depolarization
  3. repolarization
  4. hyperpolarization
• Sulci


  Shallow grooves separating gyri
• Convulsions


  Folds, surface of the brain
• Sympathetic Nervous System


  Autonomic, Fight or flight
• Parasympathetic 


  Autonomic, rest and digest
• Label Spinal Cord

  Label

  A) Dorsal Horn

  B) Ventral Horn

  C) Lateral Horn

  D) Ventral Root

  
• Osmosis 


  Diffusion of water
• Diffusion


  molecules moving from higher concentration to lower
• enzymes


  protien
• Acids


  Formation of hydrogen ion when dissolved in water
• Bases


  reduces the concentration of hydrogen in a solution
• Isomers


  same atoms different arrangment
• Isotopes


  same element different number of neutrons
• atoms


  smallest unit of matter
• How to determine number of protons?


  number of electrons = number of protons
• Ionic bond


  The transfer of electrons
• Covalent bonds


  Sharing of electrons
• Hydrogen bonds


  weak attraction