AP World Unit 3

• Ottoman Empire


  A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from c.1300 to 1922.
• Safavid Empire


  Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries.
• Mughal Empire


  Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
• Ming Dynasty


  Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644.
• Tokugawa Shogunate


  A dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867.
• Russian Empire


  After the decline of the Mongols in North Asia, the state that came to rule much of Eastern Europe and North Asia; capitol of Moscow.
• Songhai Empire


  A West African empire that conquered Mali and controlled trade from the 1400s to 1591.
• Incan Empire


  Formed in present day Peru. Expanded out as far south as Chile and as far North as Ecuador. Best known for their enourmous wealth.
• Aztec Empire


  Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the fifteenth century during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I.
• Gunpowder, Cannons, and Armed Trade


  The three most important tools for imperial expansion in the Early Modern Era.
• Manchus


  Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties.
• Akbar


  Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.
• 1453


  Date for the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople.
• Suleiman the Magnificent


  The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean.
• Shah Ismail I


  Founder of the Safavid dynasty (1501).
• Abbas the Great


  Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology.
• Safavid-Mughal Conflict


  A series of wars fought between the Safavids and Mughals (1622-1653), particularly over the territory now called Afghanistan.
• Songhai Conflict with Morocco

  A conflict between Songhai and the Moroccans; Moroccan victory in 1591. Greatly weakened West Africa, allowing for growth of the Trans-Atlantic slave trades.
• Devshirme


  'Selection' in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries.
• Janissaries


  Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.
• Salaried Samurai


  Elite Japanese soldiers; paid salaries under the Shogunate.
• Human Sacrifice


  Killing of humans for a purpose like worshiping a god, practiced widely by the Aztecs.
• Aztec Script


  Written language of the Aztecs.
• Divine Right


  Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god; best example Louis XIV of France.
• Qing Imperial Portraits


  Portraits of Qing emperors used to legitimize their rule (e.g. Kangxi).
• Sun Temple


  An Incan temple in Cuzco.
• Taj Mahal


  A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.
• Palace of Versailles


  A large royal residence built in the seventeenth century by King Louis XIV of France, near Paris.
• Ottoman miniature painting


  Art form in the Ottoman Empire based off of Persian and Chinese traditions.
• Safavid Shi'ism


  The type of Islam popular in the Safavid Empire; belief that Ali should have been the proper descendant of Muhammad and not Abu Bakr.
• Zamindars


  Local officials in Mughal India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government.
• Iltizam


  The Ottoman Empire system for collecting taxes.
• Tribute Lists


  The Mexica system for collecting taxes.
• Silver


  A new currency used to pay taxes in the Ming Empire.
• Protestant Reformation


  Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It spit the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican Churches, among many others.
• Ottoman-Safavid Conflict


  A century-long conflict from 1534-1639 in which the Sunni Ottomans fought the Shiite Safavids.
• Thirty Years War


  (1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. Resulted in the Peace of Westphalia that created the modern nation-state system.
• Sikhism


  Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak (1469-1539) in the Punjab region of northwest India.