lab final

• all mammals share at least 80% of their genes
• dissect means cut apart
• latissimus dorsi is the cape flat muscle near armpit
• pectoralis major means big triangular chest
• external oblique is the body abdominal wall; oblique means diagonal
• gluteus maximus is the powerful big butt muscle
• biceps femoris is the muscle with 2 heads in the thigh
• gastrocnemius is the calf
• triceps brachii is 3 headed muscle back of arm
• biceps brachii is 2 headed arm
• diaphragm is in mammals only, the primary breathing muscle; separates
• thoracic cavity is above the diaphragm
• atrium is the upper chamber
• ventricles is the lower chamber
• adrenal gland make adrenaline from kidney
• thymus gland is the red gland next to the heart
• lungs are left and right of the heart
• liver is the big and brown organ under the diaphragm
• esophagus is the food tube below the diaphragm
• stomach is the big fat C inflated
• spleen is tongue shaped
• pancreas is very loosely
• small intestine (duodenum) - beginning of small intestine and end of the stomach
• cecum finger looking 2nd stomach
• colon is the large intestine
• small intestine: ascending, transverse, and descending
• rectum is the last part of the large intestine
• anus is below the tail
• nearly all the anatomy is homologous
• mitosis (2n) - somatic body cells
• meiosis (n) - haploid cells that produce gametes
• gametes produce eggs and sperm cells in the gonads
• zygote is one cell
• cells need to divide for growth, development, maintenance, and repair tissues
• cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
• cell cycle part of interphase are g1, s, and g2
• events in the m stage

  • prophase
  • prometaphas
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
  • cytokinesis
• s of the interphase is when the DNA in the nucleus of the cell is replicated
• why is it necessary to replicate chromosomes before mitosis?


  copy then divide humans only work with 46 chromosomes
• the cell cycle is the lifespan of a cell