Facial Skeleton

• Vocal Tract: Pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity
• Articulators: Structures that effect changes in the shape of the vocal tract
• Articulation: Adjustments in shape of the vocal tract by articulators
• Articulators are bones or muscles within the skill
• 22 bones of the skull
• Which bone of the skull is not rigidly joined by sutures

  Mandible
• Skull is divided into facial skeleton and cranium
• Facial skeleton forms framework for organs of mastication, speech, respiration, muscles of facial expression
• Cranium houses and protects brain
• Mandible begins as a paired bone with a symphysis and fuses early in development to make single bone
• Mental symphysis - point where two halves joined
• Angle - point where arch stops and changes direction
• Ramus - superior, lateral, posterior projections of arch, arising from angle
• Alveolar process - anterior process that contains teeth
• Condylar process - point of articulation with temporal bone at temporo mandibular joint
• TMJ - Tempro Mandibular Joint
• Coronoid process - anterior process at top of ramus for muscle attachment
• Maxilla: Paired bone that forms upper jaw
• Maxilla contributes to formation of:

  • Roof of mouth
  • Floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity
  • Floor of orbit
• Each paired bone of the maxilla has 4 processes
• Zygomatic process

  
• Frontal process

  
• Alveolar process

  
• Palatine process

  
• Palatine process

  
• Palatine bone

  
• Choana

  
• Nasal bones form the bridge of the nose
• Nasal bone

  
• Lacrimal bones are the smallest facial bones
• Lacrimal Bones

  
• Palatine bones

  • Floor and lateral wall of nasal cavity • Floor of orbit

  • Posterior 1⁄4 of hard palate
• Palatine bones

  
• Posterior nasal spine serves as landmark for x-ray studies of the skull
• Zygomatic bones make the cheekbone
• Zygomatic bone processes: Maxillary, Orbital, Temporal, Frontospehenoidal
• Zygomatic arch: Zygomatic bone, Zygomatic process of maxilla, Zygomatic process of temporal bone
• Inferior nasal concha: Makes inferior aspect of lateral wall of nasal cavity
• Vomer: Inferior half of bony nasal septum
• Vomer inferior connection: Palatine process of maxilla and palatine bones