CPLEA2: Comparative Models in Policing

• also known as “Anglo-American Justice"

  Common law
• It is distinguished by a strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation.

  Civil law system
• It is the modern police function that primarily involves the mission to reinforce community values and laws.

  Deviance control
• It is the theory of police service that maintains that police officers are servants of higher authorities.

  Continental
• He is appointed as Magistrate in 1748, introduced the first detective force, known as the Bow Street Runners.

  Henry Fielding
• It is the military bodies who serve as guardians of peace in ancient Rome.

  Praetorian guard
• Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land were given authority to pursue, arrest, chastise, and imprisonment violators of the law.

  Justice of the peace
• A special court designed to try offenders against the state.

  Star chamber court
• A system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve years of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people.

  Frankpledge system
• It is distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender.

  Socialist system
• The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system called “citizen’s arrest.”

  Legis Henrici
• He is the first modern police force in the world.

  Marine police force
• police officers are servants of the community or the people.

  Home rule
• states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the number of arrest made.

  Old police service
• states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.

  Modern police service
• A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period where by all male residents were required to guard the town (tun) to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people.

  Tun policing system
• shout to call all male residents to assemble and arrest.

  Hue and cry
• A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting him to an unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience.

  Trial by ordeal
• A judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judged by the Shire-Rieve and tasked to travel through and hear criminal cases

  Travelling judge or circuit judge
• It covers the study of police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various nations.

  Comparative police system
• It is a term that has been used in comparative and international criminal justice study in recent years to reflect the complexity and enormity of global crime issues.

  Transnational crime
• a researcher visits another country.

  Safari method
• It is basically an alternative to both quantitative and qualitative research methods that is sometimes called historiography or holism.

  Historical comprehensive method
• is that along with higher standards of living, victims become more careless of their belongings, and opportunities for committing crime multiply.

  Opportunity theory
• refers to a system where police administrations and operations are independent from one state to another.

  Decentralized police
• A country with only one recognized police force which operates entire that country.

  Centralized policing system
• The accused is innocent until proven guilty, and inquisitorial, where the accused is guilty until proven innocent or mitigated.

  Adversarial system
• Where lesser rights are granted to the accused, and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation.

  Inquisitorial systems
• It has little codification law, no specification among police, and a system of punishment that just lets things go for a while without attention until things become too much, and then harsh, barbatic punishment is resorted to.


  Folk-communal
• It is some standards and customs are written down), specialized police forces (some for religious offenses, others for enforcing the King’s Law), and punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient.

  Urban commercial
• Police become specialized in how to handle property crimes, and the system of punishment is run on market principles of creating incentives and disincentives.

  Urban industrial
• These countries are chosen not because they are greater than others but because they are the focus of comparison being studied.

  Model system
• It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations.

  Comparative police system
• It involves the study and description of one country’s law, criminal procedure, or justice (Erika Fairchild).

  International criminal system
• It refers to the crimes against the peace and security of mankind.

  International crime
• They report more crime to the police and also demand the police become more effective at solving crime problems.

  Alertness or crime theory
• It studies the similarities and differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights as well as the history and political stature of different systems.

  Comparative criminal justice
• It is that crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained migration and over population in urban areas such as ghettos and slums.

  Economic and migration
• It refers to a researcher who visits another country) or a “collaborative” method (the researcher communicates with a foreign researcher).

  Safari method
• The examination of crime and its control in the comparative context often requires an historical perspective since the phenomena under study are seen as having developed under unique social, economic, and political structures.

  Published works