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• Specialized Colonies


  • Region-specific characteristics
• Natives/Slave Relations


  • Increased contact, direct impact on economic characteristics, severe effect on culture
• Exploration Era


  • Spain
  • France
  • Great Britain
• Spain


  • Latin America, South America regions
  • Purpose: gold and silver mining
  • Mainly solo males traveled due to the mining purposes
• France


  • West of what would later become the U.S. region
  • Purpose: fur trade, alliance with Natives
  • Mainly solo males traveled
• Great Britain


  • East side of what would later be U.S. territory
  • Purpose: agricultural colonies
  • Whole families migrated over
• Social Structure


  • Fluid in Spain and France due to intermarriage → solo males!
  • Rigid in Great Britain: families migrated over, so rare intermarrige to indigenous people
  • Native Americans and African Americans quickly placed at the bottom
• Cultural Blending


  • Natives: voodoo religion (their religion mixed with Christianity), mixed languages
• Conflicts with Natives


  Result of land encroachment
• Separate Colonies


  • North (New England Colonies, Bread-Basket Colonies)
  • South (Chesapeake Region, Southern Colonies)
• North


  • Farms grew grain crops
  • Not as labor intensive
  • Did not need slaves to farm
  • Close-knit towns due to smaller farms
• South


  • Farms grew tobacco, indigo, rice
  • Labor intensive crops
  • Used slaves
  • Large farms with aristocratic societies
  • Isolated farms → people not as close-knit
• These differences pave the way for the conflict and tensions in Period 5
• Notable Events


  • New World Discovery
  • Jamestown
  • Plymouth
  • Bacon's Rebellion
  • Stono Rebellion
  • First Great Awakening
  • Native Americans: constant conflict due to land encroachment, broken treaties
  • Expansion of Slavery
• Columbian Exchange


  Transfer of animals, plants, slaves across Atlantic region
• Jamestown


  • First English settlement in Americas
  • Purpose: gold
  • Starvation: rich, spoiled solo males migrated to mine gold, no women to fulfill domestic tasks
  • Captain John Smith: fostered relations with Natives, Natives taught them how to plant crops, saved them from starvation
• Plymouth


  • Settlement started by Puritans
  • Puritans: believed in Calvinist predestination; wanted to purify the Anglican church
  • Massachusetts Bay Colony
  • Religion and state tied together, leaders of Puritan communities were often religiously devoted; laws governing their communities were religion-based
• Bacon's Rebellion


  • Rebellion due to large amount of unsatisfied, newly freed indentured servants
  • The colonies were limited to a certain amount of land east of the Mississippi River. Indentured servants were allowed to find their own land and farm, once they were freed from their masters. Soon enough, there wasn't enough land to go around, and indentured servants were left with no land and starving.
  • Result: indentured servants were no longer trusted as a good source of labor
• Stono Rebellion


  • Led by escaped slaves
  • Slaves rose up and killed their masters, tried to escape to Spain's Florida territory but were caught and executed
  • Result: tightened and stricter slave codes
• First Great Awakening


  • Inspired by Europe's Enlightenment
  • Burst of protestant denominations
  • Negative sentiment towards "elect clergy", especially in Puritan communities when citizens were unhappy with corrupt political religious leaders
  • Big Idea: All people, no matter their status, can be saved, contrasted the Puritan ideology of Calvinist predestination
• Bacon's Rebellion


  • Farmers need a new form of labor that they can trust
  • Indentured servants often avoided jobs in the South, going to Northern areas
  • Southern tobacco farming started investing in slaves more often
  • Slaves brought Westward and Southern farmers expanded their land
• Stono Rebellion


  Further strengthened restrictions on the lives of free and enslaved African Americans, enforcing the idea of their sub-human existence
• Birth of Chattel Slavery


  Much cheaper than slave trade/purchase; became much more popular
• Growing Cash Crop Economy

  The growth of Southern dependence on cash crops (tobacco) → increased demand for slaves
• Important Terms


  • New England Colonies
  • "Bread-Basket" Colonies
  • Chesapeake Region
  • Southern Colonies
  • Encomienda System
  • Headright System
  • Indentured Servitude
  • Chattel Slavery
  • Kinship Ties
  • Mercantilism
  • Salutary Neglect
  • Navigation Acts
• Understand how the political, economic, and societal characteristics of these periods are intertwined in a very complex way, leading to the organization of information seen above: key ideas, the more precise details, cause/effect, and important terms. While this guide does not include absolutely everything regarding the period, it is only a guide to better help form connections between the major events/ideas of this period.