Cellular Respiration

• Cellular respiration


  An example of a biochemical pathway
• Glycolysis


  • Occurs in cytoplasm
  • Glucose - requires 2 ATP to form 2 molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon molecule) + 4 ATP = net gain of 2ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules
• Glycolysis products


  • 2ATP
  • NAD receives H
  • 2 Pyruvate / pyruvic acid
• Electron transport chain


  • Uses NAD and FAD as H acceptor to carry electrons
  • Electrons are transported by NADH and FADH from the citric acid cycle (krebs cycle)
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation occurs as ATP is generated from ADP + P
  • Oxygen and Hydrogen combine to form water
  • Roughly 32-34 ATP are released
• Fermentation


  • Alcohol fermentation - bacteria, yeast
  • Glucose - Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + 2ATP
  • Anaerobic respiration - Lactic acid fermentation in animals
  • Glucose - Lactic acid + 2ATP
• Uses of energy / ATP produced


  • DNA replication
  • Protein synthesis
  • Active transport
  • Movement (in flagella as shown in bacterial cell)
  • Heat loss used for thermoregulation
  • Protein synthesis
  • Anabolic reactions
  • Contractile vacuoles