1.2 level of organisation of the human body

• NB Atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism


  Levels of organization of the human body
• 10 Levels of Organization of the human body


  • Chemical
  • Cellular
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organ system
  • Organism
• Tissue


  An aggregation of similar cells that performs a specific function
• Types of tissues found in humans


  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nerve tissue
• Epithelial tissue


  • Covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and forms glands
  • Involved with protection, absorption, excretion, secretion, diffusion and filtration
• Connective tissue


  • Binds, supports and protects body parts
  • Stores energy and minerals
• Muscle tissue


  • Contracts to produce movement
• Nerve tissue


  • Initiates and transmits impulses that coordinate body activities
• Organ


  Composed of several tissue types that are integrated to perform a particular function
• Organ system


  An organisation of two or more organs and associated tissues working together to perform a common function or set of functions
• Body systems


  • Muscular and skeletal systems
  • Endocrine and Nervous System
  • Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, lymphatic, and urinary Systems
  • Integumentary system
  • Reproductive system
• Integumentary system


  • Functions to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world
  • Retains body fluids, protects against disease, eliminates waste products, and regulates body temperature
• Directional terms


  Used to describe the body in the anatomical position, regardless of its actual position
• The body is divided into right and left halves by the sagittal plane
• The body is divided into superior and inferior parts by the transverse plane
• The region between the anus and the pubic arch is called the perineal region
• The body has bilateral symmetry, consisting of right and left halves that are mirror images
• Pericardial cavity


  The cavity that surrounds the heart
• Pleural cavities


  The cavities that surround each lung
• Peritoneal cavity


  The cavity that contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys
• Meninges


  The three protective membranes that line the dorsal body cavity and surround the brain and spinal cord
• Serous membranes


  Membranes that line the ventral body cavities and secrete a lubricating fluid
• Serous membranes


  • Pleura
  • Pericardium
  • Peritoneum
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  A fluid filled space inside the body that holds and protects internal organs
• The body contars ajary curities


  • Masat (rame
  • and abdomina
• Two human body cavities


  • Ventral Cavity
  • Dorsal Laviny
• Ventral Cavity


  Is subdivided into the thomas and the abdominopril cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity


  A body cavity that consist, of the slidominal intuity and the pelvic cavity
• Dorsal Laviny


  Is Subdivided into cranial cavidy and the spinal cavity
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• Ventral Courty (front


  • Cranial Guidy
  • Spinal Candy
• Cranial Guidy


  • Enclosed by Skull / Cranium
  • Houses BRIN
  • Plus Cerebrospinal Ad
  • Membrane Meninges
• Spinal Candy


  • Enclosed by Vertebral Column
  • Houses Spinal Cord
  • Fluid Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Membrane Meninges
• Abdominopelve


  • Surrounds lungs
  • Middle Thoric Cavity
  • Houses Heart
• Middle Thoric Cavity


  • Surrounded by Pleural membranes
  • Houses lungs
• Pelvic Cavity


  • Location Inferior ventral cavity
  • Enclosed by Pelvis and Pelvic floor muscles
  • Houses Bladder, Reproductive Organs
• Homeostasis is the process by which a stable internal environment is maintained in the body so that cellular metabolic functions can proceed at maximum efficiency