biology

• Tree Caterpiles
• Nase one canivore
• the food chain
• EUZYME CONCENTRATION


  • The higher the eneynte concentration, the more enzymes there are to form enzyme substrate complexes
  • Increase in enzyme activity
  • Enzyme activity then plateaus as there aren't enough substrate molecules to react with the extra enzymes
• OPTIMUM


  The maximum rate of reaction
• DENATURE


  Irreversible change to the shape of the active site that inhibits enzyme action
• PLATEAU levels off
• FOOD DIGESTION


  Enzymes are needed to break down large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble ones that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream
• BIOLOGICAL WASHING POWDER


  • Contain protease enzymes to break down stains
  • More THERMOSTABLE can work at wide range of temps
  • Can be used at low temps to save energy
• petridis


  • agar conto
  • proten
  • well-contoun
  • washing powder
• clear aceas show where protein has been broken down
• RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• RESPIRATIORY SURFACES IN HUHAUS
• ris innaled
• town mast us
• ADAPTIONS


  • Large Surface Area
  • Thin Hembrane
  • Shape that further increases the surface Area
  • Many alveoli are present in the lungs
  • Alveolar walls are one cell thick providing gases with a short diffusion distance
  • Permeable Membrane allows gases to pass through
  • Moist gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to pass across the gas exchange Surface
  • Good Blood Supply ensuring oxygen rich blood is taken away from the lungs and a rich blood is taken to the lungs
  • Diffusion Gradient. Breathing ensures the O₂ concentration is higher in alued, than capillaries so 0₂ moves from alveoli to blood. CO, diffuses in opposite direction
• RESPIRATORY SURFACES
• Gas Exchange occurs in the spongy mesophyll cells
• Name one carnivore in this food chain


  Tree Caterpillars Sparrow → Hawk
• TEMPERATURE


  1. Set water baths at diff temp

  2. Add starch solution to 5 tt

  3. Add amylase solution to 5 tt

  4. Place lof each in each water bath -5mins

  5. I drop iodine in spot. tile

  6. Add A+ S in 0°C + start timer

  7. Keep adding I drop to iodine till colour change

  8. Repeat steps 6+7 to all temps

  9. Record Results + draw graph
• At Opt temp. A breaks down Squickly
• CONTROLLED VARIABLES


  • PH
  • Same volume + concentration
  • At slow X Kinetic energy of Starch
  • At↑ quick Kinetic energy - same V+C of Amylase
• hibits enzyme action
• enzymes are needed to break down uble molecules into small, soluble ones absorbed into the bloodstream
• NG POWDER
• enzymes to break down stains
• RESPIRATORY SY
• WHY DOES YOUR HR NOT IMMEDIATELY FALL AFTER EXERCISE?


  Because you need the extra oxygen to break down the lactic acid produced that has built up during exercise. This is why your breathing and heart-rate is higher
• with a shape that further increases the surfa
• Thin Membrane aveolar walls are one ce
• gases with a short diffusion distance
• Permeable Membrane allows gases to pass
• Moist gases dissolve in the moisture helpin
• gas exchange surface
• across the
• Here is a woodland food chain


  Tree Caterpillars Sparrow → Hawk
• Name one carnivore in this food chain
• ITION FOOD TESTS
• LOCK + KEY MODEL


  • Complementry
  • Substrate
  • Enzyme-substrate complex specific
  • Products
  • The enzyme is SUBSTRATE SPECIFIC
• active site