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• Encoding and decoding: Encoding refers to

  the way the communication source creates the

  message into a form that can be understood by the

  receiver.
• Noise: interference that prevents a

  message from being accurately understood or

  interpreted.
• Context: the situation in which the

  communication takes place and may

  include sociocultural factors, the status

  and roles of the communicators, rules and

  the like.
• Surveillance: refers to the news and information role of communication media such as the news media.
• Interpretation: refers to analysis,

  commentary, context and other meaning which

  are found in a message.
• Socialization: refers to the transmission

  of values and culture within a society and

  also to the education functions of

  communication and the media.
• Entertainment: refers to functions related to

  relaxation, reward, diversion and reduction of

  tension.
• Mobilization: refers to the communication

  and media’s ability to generate public action

  about a social issue for instance, in relief efforts

  after a disaster.
• intrapersonal communication. Is an internal communication process taking place within the individual.
• interpersonal communication

  Involves two persons or a small

  group such as a family.
• Dyadic communication – when

  two persons are involved.
• Group communication – when

  there are three or more persons

  communicating face-to-face and

  able to give immediate responses

  or feedback, such as in a meeting

  or in a class session.
• Public communication –

  involves a large group such as a

  public lecture or church

  ceremony.
• Direct interpersonal communication

  involves face-to-face communication between

  or among the communicators.
• Mediated interpersonal communication

  involves the use of technology such as

  telephone or internet, with advances in information and communication technology

  (ICT), there are more and more possibilities of

  holding group and public communication at a

  distance, for instance via teleconferencing and

  chat rooms.
• Mass communication involves the

  transmission of messages to large

  audiences using technology of

  communication.
• Computer-mediated communication refers to any

  communication taking place using the computer and internet-based technologies such as email, message boards, personal websites, voice conferencing, chat rooms, social media. More importantly, computer-mediated communication may take place along several levels: one-to-one, one-to-many,

  many-to-many.