intrapartal

• preterm labor and delivery is the labor begins between 20 to 37 weeks causing cervical effacement and dilation and birth occurs before the completion of 37 weeks of pregnancy
• chorioamnionitis is infection of fetal membrane and fluid
• vaginal mucus analysis is to predicts which pregnancy will end early: analysis for the presence of fibronectin a protein produced by trophoblast cells
• shortened cervix is microorganism has easier access to the uterus where they weaken the membrane and cause premature rupture
• to combat infection drug used is antibiotic
• to suppress uterine contraction drug used is tocolytic agent
• MgSO4 is a drug of choice to halt contractions; relaxes smooth muscles, it interferes with smooth muscle contractility
• MgSO4 sign and symptoms are increased warmth, dizziness, headache, tachycardia, hypotension and blurred vision
• ritodrine hydrochloride is a beta-adrenergic antagonist rarely used because of A/E for the mother and fetus
• sign and symptoms of ritodrine hydrochloride are tachycardia and chestpain
• terbutaline is used with extreme caution and careful nursing care, causes blood vessels and bronchi to relax along with uterine muscle
• isoxsuprine hydrochloride relaxes vascular smooth muscle causing improved peripheral blood flow
• sign and symptoms of isoxsuprine hydrochloride are hypotension, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting
• agents to hasten fetal maturity are glucocortoid theraphy( betamethasone) vitamin K, inositol supplementation
• glucocortoid theraphy is steroid to attempt to hasten fetal lung maturity
• glucocorticoid therapy is given if pregnancy is under 34 weeks if labor can be delayed for 48 hours
• vitamin k reduces incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates
• inositol supplementation is essential nutrient required by human cells in culture for growth and survival; it promotes maturation of several components of surfactant and may play a critical role in fetal and early neonatal life
• precipitate labor and delivery occurs when uterine contraction are so strong and rapid resulting to completion of birth in fewer than 3 hours
• danger in precipitate labor and delivery are premature separation of the placenta, subdural hemorrhage, laceration of birth canal
• premature rupture of membrane is a spontaneous loss of amniotic fluid prior to term or onset of labor (before 37 weeks)
• premature rupture of membrane is a rupture of amniotic sac prior to onset of labor
• cord prolapse is extension of the cord out of the uterine cavity into the vagina or could interfere with circulation
• oligohydramnios is a fetus remaining in a non-fluid environment
• premature rupture of membrane is an alkaline reaction when tested with nitrazine paper
• fern test is to determine if discharge is amniotic fluid or urine
• prolapsed umbilical cord is the placement of the cord near or ahead of the presenting part or into the vagina
• types of umbilical cord prolapse are occult, forelying and overt
• occult is when cord lies over face or head of fetus
• forelying is a cord precedes presenting part
• overt is a cord descends fast ruptured membranes into the vagina, the cord can be felt on vaginal examination or can be seen in the vaginal canal
• cord cover with sterile saline compress to prevent drying which leads to atrophy of the umbilical vessels
• multiple gestations is the presence of 2 or more fetus inside the uterus
• types of multiple gestations are monozygotic and dizygotic
• monozygotic or identical is a twins developed form one fertilized ovum, originated from division of fertilized ovum with different stages of early development
• monozygotic consists of 1 placenta, 1 chorion, 2 amnions, 2 umbilical cord
• dizygotic or fraternal arise from two separate ova fertilized by two seperate spematozoa
• dizygotic result from fertilization of 2 seperate ova by 3 seperate spermatozoa
• dizygotic have 2 placenta, 2 chorios, 2 amnions, 2 umbilical cords
• amniotic fluid embolism is an amniotic fluid containing particles of debris enters maternal circulation and obstructs pulmonary vessels causing respiratory distress and circulation collapse