Quest Review

• Mitochondria


  A real "powerhouse" that breaks down food to release energy
• Cell wall


  Strong and stiff, found only in plants
• Chromatin/Chromosomes


  Coloured bodies that contain DNA and pass on traits to new cells
• Nucleus


  The brain of the cell that regulates activities
• Chloroplast


  Found only in plant cells, makes food for the plant using the sun's energy
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  A series of tubes that transport proteins and other things
• Nuclear membrane


  Full of holes, flexible and thin, controls what gets out and in
• Ribosomes


  Where proteins are made, found in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER's wall
• Vacuole


  A sac filled with water, food, enzymes or waste
• Cell contents


  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi complex
  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuoles
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Ribosome
  • Lysosome
  • Chloroplast
• Eukaryote


  Cells with organelles
• Prokaryote


  Cells without organelles
• Diffusion


  The movement of molecules such as odors, sugar, salt, etc.
• Osmosis


  The movement of water
• Osmotic conditions


  • Hypotonic - Overly full
  • Hypertonic - Shriveled
  • Isotonic - Balanced
• Stages of mitosis


  1. Interphase

  2. Prophase

  3. Metaphase

  4. Anaphase

  5. Telophase

  6. Chromatids

  7. Spindle fibres

  8. Centromere
• During prophase, the replicated chromosomes thicken and become visible
• During metaphase, the replicated chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
• During interphase (S Phase), the chromosomes replicate
• The drawing shows the cell in anaphase
• Stages of mitosis shown in the drawings


  • Interphase (DNA replicated) - C
  • Prophase (chromosomes - 2 sister chromatids - shorten) - B
  • Metaphase (sister chromatids line up) - E
  • Anaphase (sister chromatids separate) - A
  • Telophase (new nucleus forms a each end) - D
  • Cytokinesis (cell contents divided between 2 daughter cells) - D
• Parts of a microscope


  • Ocular/Eyepiece lens
  • Body tube
  • Revolving nosepiece
  • Arm
  • Objective lenses
  • Stage clips
  • Stage
  • Diaphragm
  • Light source
  • Coarse adjustment knob
  • Fine adjustment knob
  • Base