A1 - Cell Structure

• Function of Ribosomes

  • site of protein synthesis
  • contains RNA
• Role of Golgi Apparatus

  • stores lipids proteins carbohydrates
  • makes vesicles
• Role of Centrioles

  • involved in cell division
  • required for mitosis and meosis
• Two Processes of Cell Division

  • Mitosis produces two cells that are identical
  • Meiosis produces four non identical cells
• Describe Meosis

  • A process by which gametes are produced
  • The number of chromosomes is halved compared to normal cells
  • Haploid cells are produced
  • Four daughter cells are produced
• Describe meosis

  • A process by which gametes are produced (1) 
  • The number of chromosomes is halved compared to normal cells (1) 
  • Haploid cells are produced (1) 
  • Four daughter cells are produced (1) 
• Explain how cells divide for growth

  • By mitosis - producing daughter cells
  • Doubling the chromosomes then splitting them
• Role of lysosomes

  • contains enzymes - for digestion
• Function of Nucleolus

  • Makes Ribosomes
  • Produce RNA
• 4 Parts of Nucleus

  • Nucleolus
  • Nuclear Envelope
  • Nuclear Pores
  • Chromatin DNA
• Function of Mitrochondria

  • Aerobic respiration takes place
  • Releases energy
• Function of Lysosomes

  • Destroy pathogens in cells
  • Release digestive enzymes from the cell
  • Break down waste materials
• Function of Golgi Apparatus

  • Receives proteins from the RER
  • Produces lysosomes involved in lipid synthesis
• Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Provides a larger surface area for protein and glycoprotein synthesis
  • Provides a pathway for materials to be transported
• Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Synthesises, stores, and transports lipids and carbohydrates
• Function of Centrioles

  • involved in cell division
  • required for mitosis and meosis