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paper 1
Topic 4 - Bioenergetics
Respiration
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Exercise
may lead to insufficient
oxygen
oxygen
debt
Additional
oxygen
needed to react with
lactic acid
to remove it from cells
Exercise
-
High
demand for energy
supply
oxygenated
blood at a higher rate to
muscles
higher - heart rate ,
breathing
volume ,
breathing
rate
Catabolic
Reactions
larger molecules
broken down into
smaller ones
excess proteins
are broken down to
urea
in the
liver lactic acid
is converted back to
glucose
Respiration is
exothermic
and
release energy
Anaerobic
produce
less
energy
muscles build up of
lactic acid
muscles fatigue - reduce efficient
contraction
Glucose
--- lactic acid
Anaerobic
yeast
and
plants
used in making
bread
and
alcoholic
drinks
produce
ethanol
fermentation
glucose
---
ethanol
+ carbon dioxide
Aerobic
produce more energy
glucose
+
oxygen
---- carbon dioxide + water
Respiration
needed for
energy
- movement - generate
heat
to keep warm
Anabolic reactions
synthesis of amino acids - making proteins - requires glucose and nitrates
synthesis using glucose - cellulose , starch , glycogen
synthesis of lipids - glycerol , 3 fatty acids
Anabolic
reactions
joining of
small
molecules to form
larger
molecules
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