Academic Writing

• requirements that demand students to express their

  thoughts on an issue, critical analyses on published

  information, creation of ideas and concepts based on

  gathered data from credible sources, critiques one’s

  masterpieces, among others

  ACADEMIC WRITING
• composition that discusses aa topic from a personal

  viewpoint

  Generally, its purpose is to explain or prove a point.

  Writing an Essay
• Three General stages in writing an Essay:


  Pre-writing Stage, writing stage, Post writing stage
• Four main Types of Essays


  Argumentative, Expository, Narrative, Descriptive
• ✓ Forming an opinion via research✓ Building an evidence-based argument

  Argumentative
• Has the rise of the internet had a positive or negative impact on education?

  Argumentative
• Knowledge of a topic Communicating information clearly

  Expository
• Explain how the invention of the printing press changed European society in the 15th century.

  Expository
• Creative language use Presenting a compelling narrative

  Narrative
• Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself.


  Narrative
• Creative language useDescribing sensory details

  Descriptive
• Describe an object that has sentimental value for you

  Descriptive
• The toughest part of essay writing involves choosing a topic that interests you and fits your teacher's guidelines, understanding your audience, and clarifying your purpose. It's crucial to pick a topic you like within your teacher's rules, know your readers for proper language and relevance, and consider them when deciding on content and organization.

  Developing a concept
• Before delving into your topic, consider what you already know and what you want to learn. Visit the library, explore magazines, journals, books, newspapers, and the internet. You can also conduct interviews with experts in your topic to gather more insights.

  Gather materials
• • paper’s main point

  • It is important that the thesis is a complete, opinion-based sentence.

  Develop a thesis
• is a sentence in a paper

  or essay (in the opening paragraph) that

  introduces the main topic to the reader. one of the most

  important sentences in your entire paper—

  but also one of the hardest to write!

  Thesis statement
• • idea mapping

  • graphical or textual technique for visualizing connections between several

  ideas or process of information

  Developing a plan
• When you have enough information at hand,

  you may now start developing your plan.

  • Idea mapping

  • Story boarding

  • Formal outline
• A systematic and logical representation of how the paper will look like.


  Outline
• habitual jotting down notes from what you have read/ heard from

  speakers

  Scratch outline
• parts and subparts are arranged according to the importance of your notes/ideas/ topics

  Topic Outline
• The entries are in the form of a complete sentence that corresponds to the content of the order of arrangement

  Sentence Outline
• More formal than the sentence outline as each paragraph contains a topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence.


  Paragraph Outline
• Establish your thesis statement at the start of your paper.

  Support it with data and information based on your research.

  The writing of the first draft
• • foregrounds your topic and gives a hint on the important points within the essay.

  • it mentions the thesis statement that allows readers to clearly understand the essay’s purpose

  INTRODUCTION
• • supports the thesis

  • it is important that each paragraph convey one point

  BODY
• • serves as a reminder of the main idea of the essay

  CONCLUSION
• Editing the paper:

  • rearranging and adding paragraphs

  • omitting or adding information

  • ensuring the flow and continuity of ideas

  • checking whether all sources used are included in the bibliography

  The first draft may be disorganized.
• After the editing process, there is a need to proofread your paper.

  Check for:

  • Spelling errors

  • Grammatical errors

  • Typographical errors
• style is most frequently used within the social sciences, in order to cite various sources.

  APA (American Psychological Association)
• short citation used in the text

  called the in-text citation
• Fll citation

  reference
• Barbarin (2013) examined socioemotional learning in African boys.

  Narrative In-text citation
• Hamilton, S. (2014). The cultural politics of emotion. Edinburgh University Press.

  Parenthetical In-text citation