types of mutation

• Mutation


  A change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors such as UV light
• DNA sequence of a gene

  • Can be altered in a number of ways
• Gene mutations


  Have varying effects on health, depending on where they occur and whether they alter the function of essential proteins
• Types of Mutation


  • Gene Mutation
  • Chromosome Mutation
• Point mutation or substitution


  A genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA

  
• Silent mutations


  Mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype. They are a specific type of neutral mutation.
• Nonsense mutation


  A change in one DNA base pair that prematurely signals the cell to stop building a protein, resulting in a shortened protein that may function improperly or not at all
• Missense mutation


  A change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene

  
• Frameshift mutation


  A change in which the addition or loss of DNA bases changes a gene's reading frame, shifting the grouping of these bases and changing the code for amino acids, resulting in a usually nonfunctional protein
• Deletion


  A change that removes a piece of DNA, which may alter the function of the resulting protein(s)
• Insertion


  A change that adds a piece of DNA to a gene, causing the protein made by the gene to not function properly
• Chromosome mutation


  An unpredictable change that occurs in a chromosome, often brought on by problems during meiosis or by mutagens
• Inversion


  A mutation in which a portion of a genetic material or a chromosome is rotated 180 degrees before rejoining
• Translocation


  A mutation in which a portion of a chromosome is relocated, either to a different position on the same chromosome or to a different chromosome
• Duplication


  A mutation in which a portion of a genetic material or a chromosome is duplicated or replicated, resulting in multiple copies of that region