Summary

• Aerobic respiration


  Process by which glucose is converted into energy, involving the splitting of glucose to produce carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration


  Occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces lactic acid in the body
• Respiration


  1. Glycolysis

  2. Link Reaction

  3. Krebs Cycle

  4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Glycolysis


  First process of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is phosphorylated to produce 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH

  
• In anaerobic respiration


  Pyruvate is further converted into lactate with the help of NADH

  
• Lactate


  Decreases blood pH which affects the Central Nervous System, reduced stimulation from the CNS affects muscle contraction
• Link Reaction


  Pyruvate is converted into acetyl coenzyme A with the help of NADH

  
• Krebs Cycle


  Glucose is oxidised and carbon dioxide, ATP, reduced NAD and reduced FAD are produced

  
• Oxidative Phosphorylation

  Process in which ATP is synthesised via chemiosmosis in the electron transport chain in mitochondria, generates the majority of ATP in aerobic respiration
• Oxidative Phosphorylation


  • Reduced coenzymes NADH2 and FADH2 carry hydrogen ions and electrons to the electron transport chain
  • Electrons are carried from one electron carrier to another in a series of redox reactions
  • Hydrogen ions move across the membrane into the intermembrane space, then diffuse back into the mitochondrial matrix down their electrochemical and concentration gradients
  • ATP is produced on stalked particles using ATP synthase
  • Hydrogen atoms are produced from hydrogen ions and electrons, then combined with oxygen to produce water