A01

• intro

  mowrer proposed 2 process model to explaining phobias

  aquired via classical conditioning and maintained via operant conditioning
• classical conditioning

  A neutral stimulus is paired with a negative unconditioned stimulus and produces an unconditioned response of fear or anxiety. Eventually the NS becomes the CS and produces a CR, when the UCS is not present.
• Watson and rayner- little albert

  Little albert was exposed to a white rat (NS) at the same time as a loud bang (UCS) and produced a response of fear (UCR), these are repeatedly paired together, and the white rat becomes the CS and produces a CR of fear. 
• operant conditioning

  Next operant conditioning is used to maintain the phobia. Phobics practice avoidant behaviour to avoid anxiety or fear, by avoiding a negative consequence avoidance behaviour is negatively reinforced and likely to be repeated. Therefore, phobia is maintained.