Pregnancy and Vaginal Fluid

• Hormone of interest in pregnancy testing

  Human chorionic gonadotropin
• Human chorionic gonadotropin is produced by ____ of the placenta

  Cytotrophoblast cells
• 2 subunits in Human chorionic gonadotropin

  Alpha and Beta
• Alpha consist of:

  hCG

  LH

  FSH

  TSH
• Beta consist of:

  Specific for hCG
• Peak levels are attained in the latter part of the

  ____ of pregnancy

  1st trimester
• Principle of Home Based HCG Pregnancy testing

  Enzyme immunoassay
• specimen used in home based hcg pregnancy test

  1st morning
• Cut off point in HOME-BASED HCG PREGNANCY TEST

  25 mIU/mL
• Conditions that produce a false (+)

  Choriocarcinoma

  Hydatidiform mole

  Excessive aspirin
• Conditions that produces a false (-)

  Diluted urine
• MOI in Ascheim-Zondek

  Subcutaenous
• Sensitivity of Ascheim-Zondek

  1-6 IU/mL
• MOI of Friedman/Hoofman

  Marginal Ear vein
• sensitivity of friedman/hoofman

  10-15 IU/mL
• MOI if Hogben

  Lymph sac
• MOI of Gallo-Mainini

  Subcutaenous
• Sensitivity of Galli- Mainini

  Variable
• MOI Frank-Berman

  Subcutaeneous
• Sensitivity of Frank-Berman

  1 IU/mL
• MOI of Kupperman

  Intraperitoneal
• sensitivity of kupperman

  1 IU/mL
• MOI of Kelso

  Subcutaneous
• Sensitivity of Kelso

  1 IU/mL
• collected by a health-care provider

  during a pelvic examination

  Vaginal secretion
• Speculum moistened with _____ is used to visualize

  the ____

  warm water

  vaginal fornices
• T/F: lubricants must not be used

  True
• Specimen is collected by swabbing the vaginal walls and

  vaginal pool to collect epithelial cells along with the

  vaginal secretions using one or more ______ on a plastic shaft or swabs specifically

  designated by the manufacturer

  Sterile polyester-tipped swab
• Cotton swabs should not be used because cotton is toxic

  to ______

  Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Wood in a wooden shaft may be toxic to

  Chlamydia trachomatis
• What can inactive herpes simplex virus (hsv)

  calcium alginate
• Gross examination of the vaginal secretions and then

  places the swab in a tube containing ____ of

  physiologic saline

  0.5 to 0.1 ml
• Swab should be _____ in the saline to

  dislodge particulates from the swab. Specimens should be

  tested with pH paper ____ being placed in saline.

  vigorously twirled

  before
• Alternative method of specimen preparation: To _____ a

  sample of vaginal discharge in one to two drops of

  normal saline solution directly on a microscope slide

  dilute
• A second sample is then place in ____ solution in the

  same manner.

  10% KOH
• Properly labeled specimens should be placed in a

  ______ with requisition and transported to the

  laboratory as soon as possible

  biohazard bag
• Requisition include:

  patient’s name

  unique identifier

  patient’s medical history
• Parts of patients medical history in requisition include:

  menstrual status

  use of vaginal creams

  lubricants and douches

  recent exposure to sexually transmitted disease
• If a delay in transport or analysis is necessary, specimen

  handling is based on the

  suspected pathogen
• color of normal vaginal fluid

  White with a flocculent discharge