Protein synthesis

• Where does transcription take place?

  In the nucleus
• What are the stages of transcription?

  1. RNA polymerase binds to non-coding DNA in front of gene
  2. RNA polymerase separates both strands (breaks hydrogen bonds between coding and template strand)
  3. RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides to template strand
  4. RNA polymerase links RNA nucleotides together to form mRNA
  5. mRNA travels out of nuclear pore (from nucleus to cytoplasm)
• Where does translation take place?

  In ribosomes
• What are the stages of translation?

  1. Ribosome attaches to mRNA
  2. Complementary tRNA anticodons pair with each mRNA codon
  3. Ribosome joins together specific amino acids transferred by tRNA
  4. Results in formation of polypeptide
  5. Order of amino acids cause polypeptide chain to fold into specific shape