respiratory system

• Respiratory system

  The system that lets us exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
• The respiratory system is different from cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration


  The process where cells use oxygen to make ATP and produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct
• Inhalation


  1. Air passes through nasal cavity

  2. Air is warmed, humidified, and filtered

  3. Air passes through pharynx

  4. Air passes through larynx

  5. Air passes through trachea
• Trachea


  • Cylinder tube with rings of cartilage to support and keep it open
• Air flow through respiratory system

  1. Primary bronchi

  2. Secondary bronchi

  3. Tertiary bronchi

  4. Bronchioles
• Alveolar sacs


  Contain alveoli where gas exchange occurs
• Respiratory system


  Works closely with circulatory system to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
• Skeletal system


  • Ribs protect the lungs
• Muscular system


  • Intercostal muscles, diaphragm, and abdominal wall muscles involved in respiration
• Involuntary breathing


  Controlled by the nervous system, which uses pH to regulate breathing rate and depth
• Respiratory systems are not unique to humans, other organisms like earthworms, fish, and insects have different respiratory systems
• Understanding the respiratory system is important for treating respiratory illnesses and conditions
• Surfactant


  Substance made by type 2 alveolar cells that lowers surface tension in alveoli, preventing collapse
• Premature infants may lack sufficient surfactant, leading to respiratory distress syndrome, which can be treated with artificial surfactant