Cell Biology

Created by

Robbie Sykes 💕🫶

Cards (90)

What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What type of cell are animal and plant cells?
Eukaryotic cells
What type of cell is a bacteria cell?
Prokaryotic cell
What are cells? 
Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently.
Are Eukaryotic organisms unicellular or multicellular?
Eukaryotic organisms are multicellular.
Are Prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular?
Prokaryotes are unicellular
How could we be able to see subcellular structures in a cell?
By using a microscope.
What are subcellular structures also known as?
Organelles
What is the role of the nucleus?
The nucleus controls the activities of the cell and contains genetic material.
What is the role of a cell membrane?
The cell membrane conrols which substances can pass in and out of the cell.
What is the role of cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions take place.
What is the role of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration. They release energy for the cell to function.
What is the role of ribosomes?
The ribosomes are where proteins are made. We sometimes call them the site of protein synthesis.
What is the role of a cell wall?
The cell wall is made out of cellulose. This makes it strong and allows it to maintain the shape of the cell.
What is the role of the permanent vacuole?
The vacuole is a large sac that contains a watery solution of sugars and salts (cell sap). It helps maintain the structure and shape of the cell.
What is the role of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis which involves using light energy from the sun to make glucose.
What is chlorophyll? 
Chlorophyll is the green pigment which absorbs light and makes the plants green.
What is a nucleiod/single DNA loop?
Contains genetic material.
What are plasmids? 
Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren't part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genetic information.
What is the flagella?
It's like a "tail". It propels the bacteria.
What do bacteria cells have?
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, plasmids, nucleiod/single DNA loop and sometimes a flagellum
What do animal cells have?
Nulceus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
What do plant cells have?
Cell wall, chlorophyll, nucleus, vacuole, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
Are bacteria smaller or larger than eukaryotic cells?
Smaller
What does a microscope do?
It magnifies objects so that they appear larger.
What is an object in terms of microscopy?
The real object or sample you're looking at.
What is an image in terms of microscopy?
The image that we see when we look down the microscope.
How do microscopes work?
light hits the mirror-> reflected upwards through the object -> will pass through objective lens -> body tube -> eyepiece lens -> eye
What is magnification? 
How many times larger the image is than the object.
What is resolution? 
A measure of how detailed an image is.
Where is the base on a microscope?
the bottom of the microscope
Where is the eyepiece lens on a microscope? 
the part you see through
Where is the microscope slide?
on top of the stage
Where is the objective lens of a microscope?
the objective lenses have different types of magnifications
Where is the stage of a microscope?
where we put our microscope slide
Name features of a light microscope
Easy to use, relatively cheap, rely on light, resolution is limited meaning the image could appear blurry
Name features of an electron microscope
Very expensive, hard to use, uses electrons instead of light, better resolution (can be used to study sub cellular structures)
Why do multicellular organisms require a continuous supply of new cells?
For growth, repair and development.
What is the cell cycle?
The series of steps that take place as a cell grows and then divides.
What are the steps in the cell cycle?
Interphase -> Mitosis -> Cytokinesis