fullerenes and nanoparticles

• What are fullerenes?

  molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
• What structure do fullerenes have?

  have hexagonal rings of carbon atoms they may contain rings with 5 or 7 carbon atoms
• What was the first fullerene discovered?

  buckminsterfullerene(C60)
• What type of shape does buckminsterfullerene have?

  spherical shape
• What are carbon nanotubes?


  cylindrical fullerenes with very high length to diameter ratios useful for nanotechnology, electronics and materials
• What could fullerenes be used for medically?

  deliver drugs to body
• Why do fullerenes have a huge surface area?

  used to make great industrial catalysts
• Why are fullerenes used in machines?

  act as lubricants, reduce friction between moving parts
• How many carbon atoms are on each ring In carbon nanotubes?

  6
• What are the properties of carbon nanotubes?

  high tensile strength can apply large stretching force to carbon nanotube before It breaks. good conductors of heat and electricity because have delocalised electrons which can carry charge through structure
• What is a use of carbon nanotubes?

  used to reinforce materials for example high end tennis racket
• What is the size of a nano metre?

  1*10-9 meters
• What are coarse particles?

  PM10 or dust
• What is the size of a coarse particle?

  between 1*10-5 and 2.5*10-6 meters
• How many atoms do coarse particles contain?


  many thousands of atoms
• What are fine particles also called?

  PM2.5
• What is the diameter of fine particles?

  between 1*10-7 and 2.5*10-6 meters
• How many atoms do fine particles contain?

  several thousand atoms
• What is the diameter of nano particles?

  1-100 nanometers
• How many atoms do nanoparticles contain?

  few hundred atoms
• What is the rule with particle size and surface area to volume ratio

  as particle size decreases by ten times the surface area to volume ratio increases by ten times
• How do you calculate the surface area to volume ratio?

  surface area/volume
• What is the benefit of nanoparticles having a large surface area to volume ratio?

  you need a smaller quantity of nanoparticles compared to materials with normal particle size e.g. catalyst
• What are the uses of nanoparticles?


  medicines, suncreams, cosmetics, deodorants, electronics, catalysts
• What are the risks of nanoparticles?

  nanoparticles can be absorbed into our body and enter our cells and the long term effect of this isn't known. Nanoparticles could be washed away and damage environment
• why are nanoparticles used in suncreams?

  protects skin from harmful UV rays and gives better skin coverage than traditional suncreams
• What do silver nanoparticles have?

  antibacterial properties that can be added to polymer fibres and then be used to make surgical masks, wound dressings and deodorants