exam qs 2019

• What is the name of the enzyme which breaks down starch to produce sugars?

  amylase
• Which chemical could be used to test for glucose?

  Benedict’s reagent
• What colour change would be seen in a positive test for glucose?

  From blue to brick) red / green / yellow / orange / brown
• Some glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream against the concentration gradient by the process of active transport
• What is diffusion?


  the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
• Pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs
• The layer of cells lining the upper surface and lower surface of a leaf is the epidermis
• The part of the leaf where most photosynthesis occurs is the palisade mesophyll
• Water is transported to the leaf in the xylem
• What is the function of the stomata?


  to let carbon dioxide into the leaf
• How is water lost from a leaf?

  evaporation
• Describe one way the holly plant is adapted to stop it being eaten by animals.

  spikes / points / thorns / sharp # poisonous / toxic
• A man has the following symptoms: yellow discharge from his penis • pain when urinating. The man has a bacterial infection. What is the most likely cause of the man’s symptoms?

  Gonorrheoa
• Why did the antibiotics not cure the symptoms?

  the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotics
• Why should milk sold for humans to drink not contain large numbers of bacteria?

  bacteria) could make humans ill
• What is the function of the valves in the heart?

  prevent backflow (of blood)
• Which type of blood vessel contains valves?

  vein
• Suggest two reasons why a patient may choose a mechanical valve and not a biological valve from a pig.

  no ethical issues (surrounding use of living / animal tissue) • no risk of rejection
• Medical condition : High blood Cholesterol

  Treatment : Statins
• Medical conditions : irregular heart rate

  Treatments : Artificial pacemaker
• What is the function of the nucleus?

  controls the (activities of the) cells
• Name one type of cell that does not contain a nucleus.

  bacteria
• Name one structure found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell.

  • Chloroplast
  • Permanent vacuole
• Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope.

  high(er) magnification high(er) resolution or high(er) resolving power
• What type of pathogen causes malaria?

  a protist
• Where are chromosomes found?


  Nucleus
• What is the name of a section of a chromosome that controls a characteristic?

  genes
• Why is mitosis important in living organisms?

  repair tissues
• Tissue- spongy mesophyll
• organ - leaf
• Digestion is the process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller molecules that are soluble . Enzymes help to break down food because they catalyse chemical reactions. If the temperature of an enzyme gets too high, the enzyme is denatured.
• What is protein broken down into?

  amino acids
• Why is protein needed by the body?

  for growth/ repair
• Describe how you would test a sample of food to show it contains protein. box Give the reason for any safety precautions you would take.


  grinding up the food • add Biuret reagent (allow CuSO4 and NaOH) to food (sample) • protein turns solution (from blue) to purple / lilac • wear goggles to protect eyes • clean up spills immediately • Biuret / NaOH is an irritant / corrosive / poisonous
• Obesity can be caused by a diet high in fat
• Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabites
• Platelet : helps the blood to clot
• Red blood cell : transports oxygen around around the body
• White blood cell : Destroys microorganisms
• Give two advantages of using a stent instead of CABG.


  no need to stay as long in hospital (after procedure) or can go home sooner / same day • not as / less invasive or no need for a major operation or no need for general anaesthetic • shorter recovery time or can get back to normal lifestyle quicker or less time needed off work