Plant Tissues and System

• Waxy cuticle

  • Prevents and reduce water loss from the leaf
• Upper epidermis

  • Outermost layer of the leaf and is composed of cells with a single layer of chloroplasts
• Palisade layer

  • Contains chloroplasts and is found in the upper part of the leaf
• Xylem

  • The vascular tissue in plants
  • Conducts water and dissolved nutrients upwards from the root
  • Also helps to form the woody element in the stem
• Spongy mesophyll

  • Is found in the palisade mesophyll layer
  • To facilitate the exchange of gases essential to the process of photosynthesis
  • Have large air space in between the cells (of spongy mesophyll layer)
• Lower epidermis

  • Outermost layer of the leaf and contains chloroplasts
• Guard cells

  • Found in the stomata
  • Control the opening and closing of the stomata
  • Responsible to control the rate of gas exchange
• Stomata

  • A small opening in the epidermis layer