anatomy and physiology

• define anatomy 


  The study of the structure of the human body
• define physiology 


  Study of the functions of the human body
• Several branches of A and P

  gross anatomy, systemic anatomy, regional anatomy, cell physiology, organ physiology, pathological physiology
• Abdominopelvic quadrants 


  RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ
• abdominopelvic regions

  1. Epidastric reion 2. Umbilical region 3. pubic region
• cell membrane function

  • Physical isolation
  • Regulation of exchange of ions with environment
  • Structural support
• osmosis 


  diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane
• epitheleal tissue 


  Covering / protecting
• Connective tissue 


  joins tissue
• Muscular 


  Movement
• nervous 


  control communication
• classifying epithelia 


  hey

  
• 3 types of muscle tissue and functions

  skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
• connective tissue structure and functions

  functions: to provide structural framework and support interconnecting tissue Structure: loose or dense
• Accessory structures: 


  Originate in the dermis and extend through the epidermis to surface
• subcataneous layer 


  Hypodermis
• Layers of the epidermis

  Stratum germinativum; stratum spinosum; Stratum granulosum; Stratum lucidum; Stratum corneum
• The 2 dermis layers

  Papillary layer (contains sensory neurons) and reticular layer (Collagen and elastic fibres)
• hair structure: 


  Medulla( soft keratin) , cortex(layers of hard keratin) , and cuticle (hard keratin)
• Skeletal system functions 


  support; storage of minerals and lipids; Blood cell production; protection
• classification of bones (shape) 


  Long, flat, irregular, short, sesamoid
• Bones parts 


  -

  
• • Osteocytes
  • Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix
  • Maintains protein and mineral content of matrix
  • Helps repair damaged bone
  • Cells don't divide
• • Osteoblasts:
  • Immature bone cells that secrete matrix compounds ( osteogenesis)

  • -
• • Osteoclasts
  • Secrete acids and protein digesting enzymes
• bone types; 


  Compact bone (around central canal); Spongy bones (contains trabeculae)
• Axial skeleton categories 


  skull; vertebral column; vertebrae; thoracic cage; ribs and sternum
• Appendicular skeleton 


  pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle and arms and legs