1.1 Producing new Cells

• Name the type of specialized cell found in a plant root that is responsible for absorption of water by osmosis.

  Root hair cells
• Name a feature of a root hair cell that allows it to absorb water efficiently.

  It has a large surface area.
• what word describe the division of a nucleus into 2 new nuclei?

  Mitosis
• what is the function of mitosis?

  it is important for growth and repair, and it is to ensure that cells are genetically the same so no DNA are lost
• once a chromosome has replicated, what are each of the strands called?

  chromatids

  
• during mitosis the duplicated chromosome line up along what part of the cell?

  equator

  
• what structures move chromosomes around during cell division?

  Spindle fibers
• describe what is happening at this stage.

  spindle fibres contract separating the chromatids. the chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell.

  
• 2 events occurring at this stage

  1. 2 nuclear membranes forms,
  2. and the cytoplasm begins to divide

  
• what if formed at the end of mitosis?

  2 genetically identical cells are formed

  
• name the 5 levels of organisation in multicellular organisms

  cell --> tissues --> organs --> organ system --> organism
• what word describes the cell which have particular structures that allow them to do their job?


  Specialized
• name this cell, and describe how this cell is specialized to its function?

  red blood cell, it is designed to carry oxygen

  -it has a biconcave shape that creates a larger surface area

  -it contains haemoglobin which binds with oxygen

  
• name this cell and describe how this cell is specialised to its function

  sperm cell, its designed to fertilize eggs

  -it has a tail to help it swim to the egg for fertilization

  -the head contains many mitochondria for energy for it to swim

  
• in animals what do we call the unspecialised cells, which can divide to self renew OR to become different types of cell?

  Stem cells
• what is the function of stem cells in animals?

  growth and repair

  self renew and make specialised cells
• name the stem cells that can be obtained from

  1. embryonic stem cells
  2. tissue stem cells