HEALTH + DISEASE

• what is health


  a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• physical wellbeing


  the ability to maintain a healthy quality of life that allows us to get the most out of our daily activities without undue fatigue
• mental wellbeing


  feeling good both about yourself and about the world around you
• social wellbeing


  a measure of your interpersonal relationships
• healthy habits


  eating right, exercising, getting enough sleep, and finding ways to deal with stress
• micro-organisms


  usually unicellular organisms that can be seen only through a microscope
• what are some e.g. microbes


  fungi, virus, bacteria, protocists
• characteristics of bacteria


  live in and on our bodies

  cannot be seen, smelled or tasted

  grow rapidly

  controlling time and temp can prevent them from causing illness

  
  

  e.g. tuberculosis, live in our intestines to keep them keep
• characteristics of virus


  no cell membrane, cytoplasm or protein coat

  not cells

  cannot reproduce on their own

  not living organisms

  
  

  e.g. hepatitis A virus, chicken pox
• characteristics of fungi


  Eukaryotic ,heterotrophs,cell wall(chitin),filamentous(hypahae),no tissues

  yeast

  
  

  e.g. yeast, mould, athletes foot
• how do virus reproduce


  they can not on their own so they need a host cell

  
• how do we treat disease


  medicines only ease your symptoms

  e.g. aspirin, paracetomal

  
  

  bacteria are killed by antibiotics
• balanced diet


  A diet which contains an optimal ratio of nutrients

  
  

  carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

  
• what are proteins


  Proteins are large molecules made of long chains of small

  molecules. These small molecules are called amino acids.

  
  

  Proteins are used by the body for growth and repair.

  
• what are carbohydrates


  Starchy foods contain carbohydrates which are made of long chains of identical small sugar molecules.

  
  

  The small molecules from carbohydrates are used by the body to release energy and make the body work
• What are lipids?


  Lipid molecules are made up of two different parts- fatty acids and glycerol.

  
  

  Lipid molecules have to be broken down by the body so that they can be used for energy storage.

  
  

  Lipids are also used by the body to keep heat in and to make cell membranes.
• what are vitamin C

  helps bind cells together
• what are iron


  needed to make red blood cells
• why do need water


  dissolves chemicals in cells or tissue fluids
• what are fibres for


  keeps food smoothly in digestive system
• how much energy do men need?

  11700 kJ
• how much energy do women need?

  9700 kJ
• energy in food


  Energy is released when the food is oxidised.

  
  

  When food burns, it releases chemical energy
• what piece of equipment is energy measured with

  calorimeter
• what are drugs


  A drug is any chemical substance that affects the physiological state of

  the body, such as how the central nervous system (CNS) works.

  
  

  Drugs can be categorized according to whether they are legal or illegal,

  or by the type of effect they have on the body.
• examples of legal drugs


  caffeine, nicotine, alcohol
• examples of illegal drugs


  cocaine and heroin
• stimulants


  Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
• depressants


  drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
• Hallucinogens


  Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell, and touch
• what are the negative effects for alcohol


  diseases, mental health issues, drink + driving, abuse
• What can we do about it?


  rehab

  
  

  raising alcohol prices

  
  

  forcing the rules

  
  

  strict alcohol emissions

  
  

  only to certain ages

  
  

  closing down bars earlier
• how much is one unit of alcohol

  10ml (8g)
• what is the recommended limit of alcohol per week for men?


  Men should drink no more than 21 units of alcohol per week (and no more than

  four units in any one day).
• what is the recommended limit of alcohol per week for women?

  Women should drink no more than 14 units of alcohol per week (and no more

  than three units in any one day
• What are cigarettes made of?


  of tobacco, which contains nicotine.

  
  

  when tobacco smoke is inhaled, nicotine quickly enters the bloodstream and has a stimulating effect on the nervous system
• what are some effects of smoking


  -tooth and gum decay

  -loss of smell

  -increases the chances of lung diseases

  -oxygen deprivation

  -shortness of breath

  -increases chances of heart attacks

  -increases chances of cancer

  -damaged eye-sight

  -weak bones

  -fertility issues
• what are some example of nicotine replacements

  -gum

  -patches

  -sprays

  -lozinges
• what are the effects of being pregnant and smoking


  -miscarriage

  -foetal death

  -premature labour

  -babies can have a low birth weight
• what is the equation for BMI


  weight (kg) / height (m^2)