BEEF PROD

• Cattle Inventory: 2.58 million heads; 97.9% in backyard
• Top populated regions:

  • Central Visayas
  • CALABARZON
  • Ilocos Region
  • Western Visayas
  • Northern Mindanao
• Beef per capita consumption: 0.87 kg (PSA, 2018)
• Angus

  • Northeastern Scotland
  • Solid black/red and polled (hornless)
  • Good mothering and milking ability, early maturing, little calving difficulty, good rustling ability, high fertility and
  • Excellent quality carcass with small bones, high muscling and a low percentage of fat covering
• Hereford

  • Herefordshire, England
  • White face and black/red body with white extending over the throat, brisket, flanks, switch and below the knee and hock
  • Traits: hardiness, grazing ability, rugged adaptability, reproductive efficiency, good temperament and disposition, heavy bones and thick flesh
• Brahman

  • Tropical cattle from India.
  • Developed from blending of three Indian cattle namely, Gir, Guzerat and Nellore
  • Horned and varies in color from light gray, mottled to almost black
  • Has hump at the back of the neck
  • Long pendulous ears and loose pendulous skin along the dewlap, sheath and throat
  • Tolerant to heat, excellent mothering ability, resistant to adverse condition such as diseases and parasite
• Amerifax

  • Beef Friesian X Angus
  • It is polled and solid red or black in color
• Ankina

  • 5/8 Angus and 3/8 Chianina
  • Black or dark brown in color and polled
• Santa Gertrudis

  • 5/8 Shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman.
  • Deep to dark cherry red with smooth, slick, shinning coat, horn and loose hide
• Beefmaster

  • It consists of ¼ Hereford, ¼ Shorthorn and ½ Brahman.
• Brangus

  • It represents 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus bloodline.
• Braford

  • It was developed from breeding of 5/8 Hereford and 3/8 Brahman.
• Charbray

  • It was developed from 13/16 Charolais and 3/16 Brahman.I
• Red brangus

  • It has the characteristic black color Brangus and red mutation form Angus
• Barzona

  • It was developed from Hereford, Santa Gertrudis, Angus and Africander to produce a light red breed.
• Braler

  • It was developed from 5/8 Salers and 3/8 Brahman.
• Simbrah

  • It was developed from 5/8 Simmental and 3/8 Brahman
• Crossbreeding - Mating of two different breeds of animals to increase heterozygosity and take advantage of hybrid vigor.
• Inbreeding - Mating of closely related individual within a breed.
• Line breeding - Mating of grand daughter to grand sire, half brother to a half sister among descendants of outstanding ancestors
• Line breeding - Purpose of this is to concentrate the inheritance from an outstanding individual
• Hand mating

  • A cow in heat is brought to the bull or the bull is brought to the cow in heat
  • After breeding, the two are separated
  • In this system, the service of the bull is fully controlled
• Controlled breeding

  • It means keeping the bull with the cows for a specific period, for instance 2-3 months, and then removing the bull completely for the rest of the year
• Pasture mating

  • The bull is brought in and goes with the herd of breeding heifers and cows during the breeding season
  • This system gives the bull full freedom to detect and breed a heifer or cow in heat on his own.
• Reproductive phenomena in cattle

  Age of puberty: 6-8 months
• Reproductive phenomena in cattle

  Estrus period: 10-12 hours
• Reproductive phenomena in cattle

  Estrous cycle: 18-24 days (21 days)
• Reproductive phenomena in cattle

  Ovulation: 10-14 hours after end of estrus
• Reproductive phenomena in cattle

  Gestation period: 270-290 days (283 days)
• Pregnant herd

  • It is composed of pregnant females. The cows in this herd are grouped with the breeding herd during the breeding season
• Breeding herd

  • It consists of dry cows and heifers ready for breeding. After breeding season, animals that are found pregnant join the pregnant herd.
• Heifer herd

  • It is composed of heifers not yet ready for breeding. Heifer calves are included in this herd after weaning.
• Steer, feeder or fattener herd

  • It consists of growing cattle and those to be fattened for market.
• Bull herd

  • The mature males kept mainly for servicing the breeding cows
• Pregnancy diagnosis (Rectal palpation)

  • Rectal palpation is performed 60-90 days after breeding. It is the manual examination of the reproductive tract by way of the rectum and colon to verify pregnancy in cattle
• Open cows are non-pregnant cows
• Calves should be given colostrum from their mother within 3 hours after calving
• Foot and mouth disease (FMD)

  • Causative agent: Aphthovirus
  • Transmission: Direct and indirect contact
  • Clinical signs: Blisters and vesicles on the feet, mouth and teat, salivation and lameness
• Babesiosis

  • Causative agent: Babesia sp.
  • Transmission: Tick infestation
  • Clinical signs: High fever, bloody urine, jaundice, anemia, collapse and death
• Anaplasmosis

  • Causative agent: Anaplasma marginale
  • Transmission: Tick infestation
  • Clinical signs: Anemia, jaundice and fever