Reactivity Series

• Malleable


  Can be bent into shape
• Ductile


  Can be drawn into wires
• Hard & Strong


  Hard to break
• Shiny


  Lustrous
• Sonorous


  Rings when struck
• What are metals good conductors for?

  Heat and electricty
• What oxides are alkaline (blue)?

  Metal
• What oxides are acidic (red)?


  Non-Metal
• Reactivity Series


  Most reactive: Potassium

  Sodium

  Lithium

  Calcium

  Magnesium

  Aluminium

  Zinc

  Iron

  Lead

  Copper

  Silver

  Least reactive: Gold
• Why is gold used for jewellery?

  Because it is unreactive to ski
• Burning metals in oxygen produces an oxide


  Metal + Oxygen -> Metal Oxide
• Method for the production of a metal oxide


  - Hold a piece of metal (iron or iron wool) using tongs

  - Then hold the flame of the bunsen burner using the mat under the metal
• What happens when you burn magnesium?

  A bright white light appears
• What happens when you burn iron?


  Sparks then glows red
• What happens when you burn copper?

  The copper turns purple
• Method: Metal + Water -> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen


  - Place a small piece of the metals in the test tube

  - Ass 3cm cubed of water to the test tube
• What happened when you put magnesium in water?

  It changed colour
• What happened when you put zinc in water?

  The zinc sunk
• What happened when you put copper in water?

  The copper floated
• What happened when you put iron in water?

  The iron started to rust
• What happened when you put calcium in water?

  The calcium fizzed and the water bubbled over
• What happened when you put sodium in water?

  The sodium rolled into a ball and rolled across the surface of the water
• What happened when you put potassium in water?


  The potassium exploded into a lilac flame
• Rusting


  The rusting of iron and steel os a redox reaction. It needs oxygen and water.
• Iron rusting equation


  Iron + Oxygen + Water -> Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide
• What colour is hydrated iron(III) oxide?


  Orange-brown rust
• As iron gains oxygen it is called____


  Oxidistion
• Rusting explained by electrons


  Fe -> Fe2+ + 2e-

  Fe2+ -> Fe3+ + e-
• Oxidised


  Iron losing electrons
• Reduced


  Oxygen gains electrons
• What does re mean in redox?

  Reduce
• What does ox mean in redox?


  Oxidisation
• Why is the titanic rusting slowly?


  Because it takes oxygen longer to get to the bottom of the ocean
• Why is potassium more reactive then sodium?


  - Electrons are held in the outer shell due to their attraction to the nucleus

  - The larger the atom, the greater the distance between the outer shell electron and the nucleus, and the weaker the attraction

  - Therefore, the larger the atom, the more easily the outer shell of electrons is lost
• Method: Metal + Acid -> Salt + Hydrogen


  - Place a small piece of the metal in a test tube

  - Add 3 cm cubed of hydrochloric acid to the test tube
• What happens when you add magnesium to hydrochloric acid?

  It fizzes
• What happens when you add zinc to hydrochloric acid?

  It fizzes
• What happens when you add copper to hydrochloric acid?

  The copper changes colour from brown to pink
• What happens when you add iron to hydrochloric acid?

  It bubbles
• What happens when you add calcium to hydrochloric acid?


  The calcium changes colour to white, the acid bubbles aggressively and warms up