Separation techniques

• Filtration


  Technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
• Filtration


  • Can be used to obtain a product that is free from unreacted chemicals, by-products or solvent
• Solvent


  The liquid in which the solute dissolves to form a solution
• Evaporation


  The process in which a liquid changes state and turns into a gas
• Evaporation to make crystals


  1. Evaporate the solution to a much smaller volume

  2. Leave it to cool

  3. Crystals form and can be obtained by filtration
• Distillation


  Separates a liquid from a solution
• Simple distillation


  1. Heat the solution

  2. Water vapour cools in the condenser and condenses

  3. Water collected in a separate container, salt stays behind
• Condensation


  A change of state in which gas becomes liquid by cooling
• Different experimental techniques are used to separate a variety of mixtures into individual substances
• There are a number of ways to distinguish physical and chemical changes