Seizure

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Created by
Danika Francesca

Cards (20)

  • Seizures - A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.
  • Seizures - can cause changes in the behavior, movements or feeling, and in levels of consciousness.
  • SYMPTOMS OF SEIZURES
    1. High fever, associated with an infection such as meningitis
    2. Lack of sleep
    3. Flashing lights, moving patterns or other visual stimulants
    4. Low blood sodium (hyponatremia), which can happen with diuretic therapy
  • HOW TO HELP SOMEONE WHO HAS GRAND MAL SEIZURE
    • Ease the person to the floor.
    • Turn the person gently onto one side. This will help the person to breathe.
    • Clear the area around the person of anything hard or sharp. This can prevent injury.
    • Put something soft and flat, like a folded jacket, under his or her head.
    • Remove eyeglasses.
    • Loosen ties or anything around the neck that may it hard to breathe.
    • Time the seizure. If the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, call for medical expert help.
  • ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS (SEIZURES)
    1. Sodium valproate
    2. Carbamazepine
    3. Lamotrigine
    4. Levetiracetam
    5. Topiramate
  • ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS SIDE EFFECTS (SEIZURES)
    1. Drowsiness
    2. Lack of energy/fatigue
    3. Headaches
    4. Uncontrolled shaking (tremor)
    5. Hair loss or unwanted hair growth
    6. Swollen gums
    7. GI problems
  • ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS (SEIZURES)
    1. Unsteadiness
    2. Poor concentration
    3. Nausea or feeling of being sick
    4. Suicidal thoughts
    5. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
    6. Rashes/anaphylaxis/serious skin conditions
    7. Agitation
  • Phenytoin - the first anti-seizure medication
  • Phenytoin - improves evidence of seizures by interfering with sodium channels in the brain, resulting in a reduction of sustained high-frequency neuronal discharges.
  • Tonic-clonic, Psychomotor - where PHENYTOIN is indicated for
  • PHENYTOIN SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS (SEIZURES)
    1. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
    2. Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)
    3. Rash, facial swelling, fever, lymphadenopathy
    4. Acute hepatotoxicity
    5. Thrombocytopenia
    6. Leukopenia
    7. Granulocytopenia
    8. Agranulocytosis
    9. Pancytopenia with or without bone marrow suppression
    10. Nystagmus
    11. Ataxia
    12. Slurred speech
    13. Decreased coordination
    14. Somnolence
    15. Mental confusion
  • PHENYTOIN BLACK BOX WARNING
    • should not exceed 50 mg per minute in adults and 1 to 3 mg/kg/min (or 50 mg per minute, whichever is slower) in pediatric patients because of the risk of hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Serum drug monitoring - a monitoring required for PHENYTOIN as its toxicity may produce delirium, psychosis, or encephalopathy
  • Heart block - where PHENYTOIN is contraindicated
  • Epilepticus - what may occur due to the abrupt discontinuation of PHENYTOIN
  • Gabapentin - a drug indicated as an adjunct treatment for partial seizures, but is most commonly used to treat neuropathic pain.
  • GABAPENTIN SIDE EFFECTS
    1. Dizziness
    2. Somnolence
    3. Ataxia
  • GABAPENTIN SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS
    1. Suicidal thoughts
    2. Worsening of depression
    3. Unusual mood and behavioral changes
    4. Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), also known as multiorgan hypersensitivity.
    5. Fever
    6. Rash
    7. Lymphadenopathy
  • Fall precautions - should be considered when taking GABAPENTIN, especially those in elderly patients
  • Peripheral edema, Ataxia - diseases/illness caused by GABAPENTIN in older patients