living organisms

• 5 kingdoms of living organisms

  animals, plants, fungi, protoctists, bacteria
• eukaryotic organisms


  no nucleus, has organelles, no flagellum
• prokaryotic organism


  no nucleus, no organelles, usually has flagellum
• saprotrophic nutrition 


  organisms that feed off dead and decaying material
• extracellular enzyme


  enzyme secreted by a cell and functions outside that cell
• secrete


  produce or discharge
• pathogen


  disease causing microorganism
• diffusion


  movement of particles from a high to low area of concentration
• isotonic


  equal solute concentration in and out of cell
• hypertonic


  high solute concentration inside the cell
• hypotonic


  lower solute concentration inside the cell
• osmosis


  movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from regions of low to high concentration
• semi-permeable membrane


  membrane with small holes to allow small molecules pass
• active transport


  movement of particles against the concentration gradient (low to high) using energy
• atoms


  simplest form of matter
• organelles 


  parts of a cell
• cell


  building blocks of life
• tissues


  group of cells with similar functions
• organs


  group of tissues
• organ system 


  group of organs to perform a specific function
• organism

  group of organ systems working together to carry out specific functions
• stem cells


  cell that has the ability to divide many times by mitosis while remaining undifferentiated