FOSSIL FUELS

• What are fossil fuels?


  non renewable, they are a finite resource
• how long ago were fossil fuels formed

  360 million years ago
• what are the three types of fossil fuels

  coal,oil,natural gas
• what do fossil fuels have stored inside them


  energy bonds between hydrogen and carbon atoms store energy
• why is crude oil called crude

  in a natural, unrefined state
• why is natural gas called natural


  it is extracted in its natural gaseous form
• what is the storyboard of how coal is found

  trees and other plants die

  they are buried in swamps

  coal is formed over millions of years

  coal is dug of mines, have to drill deep to obtain
• what is the storyboard of how oil and gas is found


  sea creatures die

  buried at the bottom of the sea

  natural gas and crude oil is formed over millions of years

  natural gas and crude oil is obtained by drilling
• combustion


  The scientific word for burning happen when a fuel reacts with oxygen e.g. methane
• complete combustion


  good supply of oxygen

  the burning of fuel is a reaction with oxygen
• incomplete combustion

  When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide as a toxic product.
• joule


  unit of energy
• exothermic


  releases energy
• oxidation


  A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
• fuel


  a material that releases energy when it burns
• facts of fuels


  -not all fuels release the same amount of energy as they burn

  -when fuels burn, they react with oxygen

  -this reaction releases energy

  - the reaction is exothermic

  -the energy content of food and fuels can be measured using a calorimeter
• e.g of pollutants


  carbon monoxide

  sulfer dioxide

  nitrogen oxide

  particulates

  carbon dioxide
• facts on carbon dioxide


  can be added to atmosphere naturally

  
  

  causes global temp rise

  can be toxic at high levels on concentration

  
  

  more trees

  buy local produce

  turning off lights
• carbon monoxide


  colourless/odourless

  incomplete combustion

  
  

  poisoning, dizziness

  
  

  boiler is serviced
• particulates(soot)


  many chemicals, car engines, fireplace

  
  

  heart attacks, asthma

  can go into leaves

  
  

  clean energy sources
• sulfur dioxide


  burning fossil fuels and smelting mineral ores

  
  

  affecting respiratory system

  
  

  use fuels with less sulfur
• oxides of nitrogen


  incomplete combustion, lightning

  
  

  chronic lung disease

  
  

  fuel switching
• what is the equation for complete combustion

  fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• what is the equation for incomplete combustion


  Fuel + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water

  
  

  fuel + oxygen -> carbon + water