quantitative

• Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, presentation, interpretation, and conclusion of data, while biostatistics is a branch of statistics,
• Data are a collection of facts such as values or measurements
• Constant is a situation or value that does not change, while a characteristic, number, or quantity that increases or decreases over time or takes different values in different situations is called variable
• The variable, value of which affects the value of another variable is known as independent variable
• The variable, value of which may change due to change in the value of another variable is called dependent variable
• The variable that affects the cause-and-effect relationship between these two variables is called moderator variable
• If the effect of such variables that can affect the cause-and-effect relationship of dependent and independent variable, is eliminated, it is called controlled variable
• any such variable is called intervening variable, that may affect the cause-and-effect relationship of dependent and independent variables but either cannot be measured clearly or is to be ignored during research
• four types of variable

  • nominal
  • ordinal
  • continuous
  • discrete
• Quantitative variable is the data that show some quantity through numerical value
• Discrete variable is the quantitative data, but its values cannot be expressed or presented in the form of a decimal
• Continuous data are measured in values and can be quantified and presented in decimals
• Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest in an established systematic fashion
• Primary data collection refers to data that is collected from research participants directly by the investigators of a study and the data is used for that study
• Experiments require an artificial or natural setting in which to perform logical study to collect data
• Survey is the most commonly used method in social sciences, management, marketing, and psychology to some extent
• Questionnaires are list of questions either open-ended or close-ended for which the respondents give answers. Questionnaire can be conducted via telephone, mail, live in a public area, or in an institute, through electronic mail or through online platforms and other methods.
• Secondary data collection refers to data that is collected by investigators from research papers that are already published online
• quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories
• Data Collection Procedure It is a systematic process of gathering observations or measurements.
• Longitudinal Studies are types of observational research in which the market researcher conducts surveys from a specific time period to another
• Cross-sectional Studies are types of observational research in which the market research conducts surveys at a particular time period across the target sample