Reactions of Acids

• Acids


  Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid
• All acids contain hydrogen
• Metals more reactive than hydrogen


  Can displace hydrogen from acids
• Reaction between sulfuric acid and magnesium

  1. Magnesium displaces hydrogen

  2. Produces magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas
• Salt


  Product when acids react with metals
• Salts produced


  • From hydrochloric acid - end in chloride
  • From sulfuric acid - end in sulfate
• Reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid


  Produces magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas
• Reaction of magnesium with sulfuric acid


  Produces magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas
• Magnesium


  • Reacts rapidly with acids
  • More reactive than hydrogen
• Reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid


  Produces zinc chloride and hydrogen gas
• Reaction of zinc with sulfuric acid


  Produces zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas
• Zinc


  • Reacts quite rapidly with acids
  • More reactive than hydrogen
• Reaction of iron with hydrochloric acid


  Produces iron chloride and hydrogen gas
• Reaction of iron with sulfuric acid


  Produces iron sulfate and hydrogen gas
• Iron


  • Reacts fairly slowly with acids
  • Slightly more reactive than hydrogen
• Acids produce hydrogen ions H+ in aqueous solutions
• Reaction between acids and metals

  1. Produces a salt

  2. Produces hydrogen gas
• Oxidation


  When atoms lose electrons
• Reduction


  When ions gain electrons
• Reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid


  1. Magnesium atoms lose 2 electrons to form Mg2+ ions

  2. Hydrogen ions gain electrons to form hydrogen gas
• Reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid


  1. Zinc atoms lose 2 electrons to form Zn2+ ions

  2. Hydrogen ions gain electrons to form hydrogen gas
• Reaction of iron with hydrochloric acid


  1. Iron atoms lose electrons to form Fe2+ ions

  2. Hydrogen ions gain electrons to form hydrogen gas
• Magnesium atoms


  React very rapidly with dilute acids
• Zinc atoms


  React quite rapidly with dilute acids
• Iron atoms


  React slowly with dilute acids
• Iron atoms do not easily form the positive ion Fe2+
• Acid


  A chemical that can neutralize a base and produce a salt and water
• Base


  A chemical that can neutralize an acid and produce a salt and water
• Alkali


  A soluble base that can be dissolved in water
• Reaction between an acid and a base/alkali

  1. Produces a salt

  2. Produces water
• Insoluble base


  Cannot dissolve in water (e.g. copper oxide, iron 3 hydroxide)
• Soluble base


  Can be dissolved in water (e.g. sodium hydroxide)
• Soluble bases are also called alkalis
• Salts


  • Contain a positive ion from the base/alkali
  • Contain a negative ion from the acid
• Negative ions from acids


  • Chlorides (from hydrochloric acid)
  • Sulfates (from sulfuric acid)
  • Nitrates (from nitric acid)
• Reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate

  1. Produces a salt

  2. Produces water

  3. Produces carbon dioxide
• The reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate is important to learn for exams
• Reaction between hydrochloric acid and:

  • Copper carbonate
  • Sodium carbonate
  • Calcium carbonate
  • Potassium carbonate