Drug Administration & Routes

• Pharmacology


  study of the actions & effects of drugs within a living syste
• Drug


  a substance or mixture of substances used for the Dx, Tx or prevention of disease
• Prescription


  a written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug
• Pharmacotherapeutics


  refers to the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs
• Tablet 


  a powdered drug compressed into a hard small disc

  • Some are readily broken along scored line.
  • Others are enteric-coated(unscored)
• Capsule 


  a gelatinous container to hold a drug in powder, liquid or oil form
• Caplet


  a solid form shaped like a capsule,

  coated & easily swallowed
• Pill 


  one or more drugs mixed with a cohesive material. in oval, round, or flattened shapes
• Lozenge (Troche)


  a flat, round or oval preparation that dissolves & releases a drug when held in mouth
• Powder


  finely ground drug or drugs used internally or externally
• Syrup 


  an aqueous solution of sugar often used to disguise unpleasant-tasting drugs
• Elixir 


  a sweetened & aromatic solution of alcohol used as a vehicle for medicinal agents
• spirit 


  a concentrated alcoholic solution of a volatile substance
• Extract 


  a concentrated form of a drug made from plants or animals
• Tincture 


  an alcoholic or water & alcohol solution prepared from drugs derived from plants
• Suspension


  liquid dosage form which contain solid drug particles that are suspended in suitable liquid medium
• Ointment 


  a semisolid preparation of one or more drugs used for application to the skin & mucous membrane
• Cream 


  non-greasy, semisolid preparation used on the skin
• Liniment


  a medication mixed with alcohol, oil or soapy emollient & applied to the skin
• Gel or jelly 


  a clear or translucent semisolid substance that liquefies when applied to the skin
• Lotion 


  medication in a liquid suspension applied to the skin
• Paste


  preparation like an ointment, but thicker & stiff. penetrates the skin less than an ointment
• Emulsion


  dispersions of fine droplets of oil in water or water in oil
• Suppository


  one or several drugs mixed with a firm base such as gelatin. shaped for insertion into the body
• Transdermal Patch


  a semi permeable membrane shaped in the form of a disc or patch. contains a drug to be absorbed through the skin over a lengthy period of time
• Aerosol Spray or Foam


  a liquid, powder or foam deposited in a thin layer on the skin by air pressure
• Pharmacodynamics


  process by which the drug alters cell physiology or changes the body
• PARENTERAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION


  administration of drugs other than through the alimentary or respiratory tract. administration of drugs requiring the use of needle