1.6 Ethics, Legal, Privacy, Environmental

• Arguments for piracy


  -The products are too expensive for what they are, some people can't afford it

  
  

  - It's a victim less crime, it doesn't hurt anyone

  
  

  - Everyone is doing it, the chance of getting caught is low

  It is up to the content creators to sufficiently protect the distribution of their product if they want to prevent privacy
• Arguments against piracy


  - Just because you can't afford them doesn't make it ok to steal them

  
  

  - Making software, music and films is not free from expense, it has to be paid for otherwise the industries would close, artists/ developers deserve rewards

  
  

  - Not everyone is doing it, and that doesn't make it right anyway

  Piracy is against the law
• How do you keep in touch with family and friends?


  - Email

  - Texting

  - Phone calls

  - Web camera chats

  - Social media
• Computer in the modern world - employment


  - Many jobs have been created due to technology like software development

  
  

  - But there have also been job losses
• Computers in the modern world - shopping


  - Customers can access many different products and services with ease

  
  

  - This has contributed to the closure of many local shops which has caused job loss

  
  

  - This could also lead to a sedentary life
• Computers on the modern world - manufacturing


  - Computer technology is used to manufacture items faster, more accurate and cheaper

  
  

  - Cars, clothing, building materials, electronics, prosthetic limbs can be created by computers

  
  

  - This has also lead to job loss

  Stone masonry is difficult for computers to replace
• What are the main category issues with computer technology?


  - Privacy

  - Ethical

  - Environmental

  - Cultural

  - Legal
• Advantages of the Internet


  - Vast repository of knowledge

  - Communication

  - Education

  - Research

  - E-Commerce
• Disadvantages of the Internet


  - Increase in piracy

  - Distribution of illegal images

  - Offensive content

  - Fraud

  - Hate speech

  - Dissemination of fake news
• How has computer technology impacted?


  - Manufacturing

  - Communication

  - Employment

  - Shopping

  - Healthcare

  - Transport

  - Geographical
• Cultural


  Discussing how ethnic groups, countries, religions affect and are affected by technology
• Legal


  Discussing what is right and wrong in the eyes of the law
• Artificial Intelligence


  The theory that computers can behave and act for them selves similar to humans
• Advantages of security cameras

  Crime prevention
• Disadvantages of security cameras


  Loss of privacy
• Examples of where GPS is used


  - GPS tracking can track criminals who wear electronic tags.

  
  

  - GPS is used for navigation apps.

  
  

  - Black boxes can be installed for insurance companies in vehicles

  
  

  - Used to automatically tag photos with date, time and location information.

  
  

  - "Find my phone" feature on smart phones and tablets.
• Reasons for devices to be continuously listening


  - Data encryption makes it private

  
  

  - Voice input is convenient: the next step in user interfaces

  
  

  - Processing sound data allows for additional functionality

  
  

  - Can assist disabled users

  
  

  - Intelligence may save lives

  
  

  - If you have nothing to hide then privacy is not an issue

  
  

  - Data is not recorded for other purposes
• Reasons against devices to be continuously listening


  - Invasion of privacy

  
  

  - TV may also be taking video footage

  
  

  - Data is sent over the Internet for processing

  
  

  - The data may not be used just for the purpose intended
• Ethical


  Discussing what is morally right and morally wrong
• Privacy


  Discussing the issues faced with privacy in technology
• What is the digital divide?


  - Social classes

  - Third world countries

  - Age
• Negative effects of technology on culture


  - Developing countries risk losing their cultural identities and assimilating themselves into an increasingly westernised world.

  
  

  - Challenges of inequality from the uneven distribution of technology within a country also still remain.

  
  

  - Problems arise when nations attempt rapid advancements in education and then don't have the necessary infrastructure to support the education system

  
  

  - Families need to afford to send their children to school

  
  

  - Educational institutions need support in the form of staffing, resources and electricity.

  
  

  - Educated individuals then require incentives to remain in their home nations

  
  

  - Rapid changes and a lack on infrastructure can lead to destabilisation and can cause more issues and problems than they solve
• Positives effects of technology on culture


  - Easier, faster communication has contributed to the rise of democracy, as well as working towards the alleviation of poverty.

  
  

  - Globalisation can also increase cultural awareness and promote diversity.

  
  

  - The adoption of technology can have a massive affect on the economy.
• Why do so companies restrict access to YouTube?


  - Some countries are so concerned about free speech, that they restrict access to the internet

  
  

  - They limit public exposure to content that may ignite social or political unrest

  
  

  - Preventing criticism of a ruler, Government, or religion

  
  

  - Preventing violations of national laws

  
  

  - Preventing violations of hate speech, ethics or morality-based laws.
• What are the 3 main cultural issues?


  - The impact of technology on our daily lives

  
  

  - The "digital divide"

  
  

  - Globalisation
• A computer takes ___ times it's weights in fossil fuel's to make

  10
• What is the energy consumption of computer technology?


  - Data centres and warehouses around the world are permanently switched on and have access to the internet and the cloud 24/7

  
  

  - 2% of energy combustion is used by data centres

  
  

  - This total is similar to that of air travel
• What is e-waste?


  When old computing equipment is often shipped to countries with lower standard for disposal
• What are some harmful materials in e-waste?


  - Dioxins

  - Chromium

  - Mercury

  - Cadmium

  - Radioactive isotopes
• Disposal of computing technology negative summary


  - E-waste is shipped to countries with lower disposal standards

  
  

  - Technology is rapidly changing and developing so more e-waste is being produced which causes more harm to the environment

  
  

  - Society has become a throw away culture

  
  

  - Mass amounts of e-waste

  
  

  - People being exposed to the harmful chemicals in e-waste and selling it on
• Disposal of computing technologies positive summary


  - More recycling is currently being done than ever before

  
  

  - Big emphasis by companies to have greener technologies and devices

  
  

  - Technology is being used to help solve global environmental crises such as climate change
• Stakeholder


  Someone with a vested interest or concern in something, especially a business
• The positive impact on customer with online banking


  - No need to travel to the bank

  
  

  - Can access the bank 24/7

  
  

  - Can access the bank on mobile devices

  
  

  - Instant decisions on loans etc
• The negative impact on customer with online banking


  - Less personal service

  
  

  - Potentially open to hacking
• The negative impact online banks have on staff


  - May lose jobs due to closure of the branch

  
  

  - New working practices to adopt, or different skill-set required
• The positive impact of online banking for companies


  - Less overheads: staff, utility bills, rent etc.

  
  

  - Targeted marketing to customers

  
  

  - Not reliant on customers entering the bank - can send emails, promotions etc.
• The negative impact of online banking for companies

  Responsibility for data protection
• The negative impact of local communities with online banks


  - Other local shops may suffer less revenue as there are less people in the town centres.

  
  

  - Small businesses rely on a local service.

  
  

  - Elderly and vulnerable customers in particular value local services.
• Key stakeholders


  - Customers

  - Staff at the company

  - The company Directors/Shareholders

  - The local community

  - MPs
• Main impact of stakeholders


  - Increase/decrease profits

  
  

  - Increased production/productivity

  
  

  - Loss/increase of jobs

  
  

  - Less overheads: staff, buildings, utility bills

  
  

  - Less personal service

  
  

  - 24/7 access

  
  

  - Environmental issues

  
  

  - Privacy and cultural issues