Acquired Immunity

• Describe Natural active immunity

  AG enter body naturally

  • microbes cause person to catch disease
  • sub-clinical infections (no evident symptoms)

  Body produces AB and specialised lymphocytes

  Memory cells form
• Describe Passive Natural Immunity

  AB passed from mum->fetus via placenta or milk

  • infant unable to produce AB on own
  • No memory cells
• What is passive immunity

  Immunity gained by receiving AB without responding to AG

  • Only lasts when AB present (weeks/months)
• what is active immunity?

  immunity gained by body responding to AG and exposed to foreign substances

  • memory cells are form
• what is active artifical immunity

  AG (weakened/dead/fragments of microbes) introduced in vaccines

  • body produces AB and specalised lymphocytes
  • memory cell form
• what is artificial passive immunity

  Preformed AB in immune serum, introduced to body by injection

  • body doesnt form AB
  • No memory cells
• what is immunity

  Ability to resist and overcome infection and disease

  • acquired: developed thoughout life
  • innate resistance
• what is a disease?

  Any condition which impairs or has potential to impair normal functioning of an organism or part of it
• Define innate immunity

  Inborn resistance against infections

  • possess right after birth
  • genetic makeup
• define acquired immunity

  Resistance against infecting foreign substance that an individual acquires during life
• activity of innate immunity

  always present
• activity of adaptive immunity

  Normally silent but triggers after pathogen exposure
• response time for innate immunity

  minutes
• response time for adaptive immunity

  days
• potency of innate immunity

  limited and lower
• potency of adaptive immunity

  highly potent IR
• host cell receptors for innate immunity

  non-specific
• host cell receptor for acquired immunity

  specific

  eg. T cell receptor
• origin of innate immunity?

  prior exposure not required

  • present before first exposure to microbial AG
• origin of acquired immunity?

  develops during life.

  • after pathogen exposure