FINALS CARDS

• Qualification


  Formal certification in forms of license and diploma, official recognition of value in the labor market and further education and training
• Philippine Qualification Framework (PQF)


  • Describes the levels of educational qualifications, sets the standards for qualification outcomes
• People behind PQF


  • PQF National Coordinating Council (DepEd, CHED, PRC, TESDA, DOLE), current chair: Sara Duterte, 6 members
• TESDA


  • Assigned for qualifications register
• CHED


  • Responsible for pathways and equivalencies, develop a national system of credit transfer, ladderized system, develops the PQF manuals
• DepEd


  • Responsible for information and guidelines
• PRC


  • Responsible for international alignment, make sure that the qualification in the PH is mutual with the qualifications of the ASEAN countries
• DOLE


  • Controls the workers, sets standards for employers
• Features of PQF


  • Pathways and equivalencies, quality assurance, qualifications register
• Who is PQF for?
• Why do we need PQF?


  Establish national standards and levels of qualifications, assist and support academic and worker mobility, address job skills mismatch
• Where do we find PQF?
• How do we qualify?


  Dentistry stands on the L6 Baccalaureate, L7 can be obtained through Masterals, L8 can be obtained when you have PhD
• Laws aligned with PQF


  • EO No. 83, RA 10968, RA 7722, CMO No.46 s. 2012, RA 8981, RA 10912, PD 422, CMO No. 03
• CHED Memorandum Order No. 03
• Article IV: Program Specifications
• What can you do after you graduate?


  • General Dental Practitioner (private practice, hospital, LGUs, private companies, law enforcement, military), Academician, Researcher, Pharmaceutical, Entrepreneur
• Performance Outcomes and Performance Indicators


  • Provide quality oral health care, communicate effectively, plan and deliver community and extension dental services, engage in research activities, apply business principles, entrepreneurship, practices and processes, practice life-long learning and continue to be a life-long learner, practice ethical/legal/moral principles and social accountability, demonstrate nationalism, internationalism and dedication to service, utilize systems-based approach in healthcare, collaborate with inter-professional teams
• RA 9484
• Disciplines in Dentistry


  • Pediatric Dentistry / Pedodontics, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Endodontics, Periodontics, Prosthodontics, Operative Dentistry, Roentgenology
• Philippine Dental Association affixes the prices of dental practices
• Primitive World Civilizations


  • Mayans
  • Incas
  • Aztecs
  • Indians
• Mayans


  • Practiced facial modification by putting bands on babies to adapt head shape
  • Practiced cross-eyed trend by putting beads on T-zone
  • Dentistry was more ritualistic
• Mayan dental practices


  • Ornamentation of teeth
  • Boring holes in teeth while avoiding the pulp
  • Use of inlays like jadeite, iron pyrite, hematite, turquoise, serpentine, quartz
  • Used adhesives like sclareolide and mint to prevent decay and cavities
  • Teeth chipping
  • Blackening of teeth

  
• Mayans were the ones to use dental implants by embedding shells into the bone
• Incas


  • Practiced dental mutilation by filing
  • Inlaid teeth with gold
  • Inserted hammered gold into cavities
  • Excised carious material from teeth with a burning stick
  • Used balsam of Peru to treat gingival diseases
  • Performed gingivectomy by heating plant roots and pressing into teeth
  • Loosened teeth through caustic resin and knocked them out with a sharp blow
• Aztecs


  • Believed in tooth worms that could be relieved by eating hot chili
  • Treated mouth diseases with herbs and botanicals
  • Filled cavities with snail shells, sea salt, and tlatcacaotl
  • Used toothpicks and chewed plain unsweetened gum called chicle for oral hygiene
  • Sutured wounds using hair
  • Believed a child with harelip was born during a full moon
• Indians


  • Their unprocessed, gritty diet prevented dental caries but caused attrition and periodontal diseases
  • Used chewing tobacco, gums, resins, and plant roots for oral hygiene and to prevent toothache
  • Used bark of prickly ash tree to alleviate mechanical tooth pain
  • Tied teeth with buckskin and pulled them
  • Had various beliefs and shamanic practices to relieve toothache
• Mesopotamian Civilizations


  • Sumerians
  • Akkadians (Babylonians, Assyrians)
• Sumerians


  • Believed demons inhabiting the body caused disease
• Akkadians


  • Believed in tooth worms
  • First to use cuneiform writing
  • Had the Code of Hammurabi which valued teeth
  • Had Asu (therapeutic medicine) and Ashipu (divinatory/religious medicine)
  • Believed natal teeth were unlucky
  • Assyrian kings believed bruxism and dental conditions were related to overall health
• Phoenicians


  • Created the alphabet
  • First to create dentures using ivory
  • Practiced teeth binding and tooth splinting using gold wire
• Hebrews


  • Considered sound teeth as an object of beauty and symbol of strength
  • Did not have dentists and sought services of Phoenicians or Greeks
  • Had Halakhah (rule book) and Talmud (history and fables) that regulated dental practices
  • Had Nagra (craftsmen) who made artificial teeth and crowns
  • Believed too much vinegar was harmful to teeth but could be used for gum problems

  
• Halakhah


  • One of the important writings
  • Serves as a rule book
  • "The way"
  • The primary source of the Jewish religious law
  • Legalistic Nature
• Halakhah


  From the Revelation on Mount Sinai
• Talmud


  Contains history and fables
• Talmud


  • Women are NOT allowed to go out wearing a gold tooth during the sabbath
  • They are also not allowed to go out with artificial tooth
  • They are allowed to go out leaving peppercorn in their mouth as breath freshener
• Talmud


  • Haggada – ethical teachings
  • Mishna – oral traditions
  • Gemara – oral law
• Talmud


  • Believes that our body is like aa house
  • Mouth should always be clean since it is the entrance
• Nagra


  • Craftsmen
  • Somehow a Hebrew dental technician
  • Make artificial teeth and crowns