foreign policy

• aims: military glory, claim French throne, secure dynasty and alliances, improve England's authority and reputation
• 1510 Truce with France: Mary married Louis 12, extended 27year truce, restore French pension, keep land captured previously
• 1512-15 First French war: aim to take Aquitaine (returned at end of campaigning season achieving nothing), 1513 invasion of Calais, took Therouanne (gave to Maximillian who burned it), took Tournai (small and minor), battle of Spurs where H defeated the French army however this exhausted English finance
• 1518 treaty of London: glory for Henry as pivotal power with 22 ruler's signing, short lived as Maximillian died, power shift when Charles succeeded and was eager for war, Returned Tournai to France
• 1520 Field of cloth of gold: Henry met Charles in may, June visited Calais. A palace was built for H and people called this time the 'wonders of the age'. cost the modern equivalent of £15 million which was a years revenue. huge event but failure as war broke out soon after
• 1521 Treaty of Bruges: secret alliance between England and Spain, Charles compensate Henry for pension from France, marriage alliance of Henry's youngest daughter, support if war broke out
• 1523-5 Second French war: England sent army to France 1523 yet Charles abandons, Henry's army in disarray, cost £400,000 and gained nothing
• 1525 Pavia and the invasion of France: Francis took Pavia in 1524, French and Spanish fighting, Charles captured Francis and Henry saw perfect opportunity to claim France, Charles refused to attack France and annulled marriage to Mary. England's lack of Finance destroyed this.
• Treaty of More 1525= friendship with France
• 1527 Anglo French treaty of Westminster, treaty of Amiens= attack Charles
• 1528= English declaration of war to Spain yet no army raised and trade agreement with Netherlands.
• league of cognac= Henry joined at last minute
• 1529 league of Cambrai= England invited at last minute
• Charles sacked Rome in 1527, captured Pope, under pressure from Charles to decline annulment. Protestants at home at suspension of trade with Netherland's (cloth industry). Defeated at battle of Landriano, Pope and Francis made peace with Charles at treaties of Barcelona and Cambrai. Henry became diplomatically isolated
• Wolsey forced peaceful policy on Henry
• Henrty interested in ships, war and foreign policy
• Henry creator of war against France but abandoned when he had no money
• Battle of Flodden 1513= English defeat of Scots, Earl of Surrey led forces, 10,000 Scots killed. James 4 killed, Henry's sister Margaret acted as regent in Scotland.