cancer

• benign tumours:

  non-cancerous tumours:

  grows slowly

  does not spread - doesn't metastase

  non-cancerous

  does not regrow after removal
• malignant tumours

  cancerous tumours:

  grow rapidly 

  can spread - metastasis

  cancerous

  can regrow after removal
• tumour supressor genes: prevent tumours forming:

  • slows down/ prevent cell division
  • cause abnormal cells death
  • repair issues in DNA
• mutations in tumour suppressor genes: become inactive

  • causes change in amino acid sequence( primary structure
  • change in tertiary structure: bonds
  • a non functioning protein
• increased methylation of tumour suppressor genes:

  • tightens the DNA histone complex
  • transcription is inhibited
  • uncontrolled cell division occurs leading to the formation of a tumour
• proto-oncogenes:

  • stimulates cell division
• oncogene:

  • mutated version of proto-oncogenes
  • causes too much cell division
• increasing oestrogen concentration

  leads to a development of a tumour
• proteome

  set of proteins an organism produces?
• genome

  all the DNA in a cell/organism
• why can't u find the genome in complex organisms

  consists of non-coding DNA and regulatory genes