Pass Medicine Revision

• Interferon - I3 is responsible for activating macrophages by T helper cells
• IL - 6 is produced by macrophages and Th2 cells & responsible for the differentiation of B cells & stimulating inflammation
• Sepsis triggers the release of IL-1 causing vasodilation → hypotension
• IL-2 increases the growth and activity of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and affects the development of the immune system
• IL-3 regulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and functionally activates mature neutrophils or macrophages.
• IL-4 has an important role in regulating antibody production, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of effector T-cell responses.
• Interleukin-5 acts only on eosinophils and basophils, upon which it causes maturation, growth, activation, and survival
• Most commonly produced immunoglobulin in the body - IgA
• Antibodies (immunoglobulins) may be divided into 2 main pairs:

  • Fab region: antigen-binding fragment - the region that binds to antigens
  • Fc region: fragment crystallizable region - the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors
• CD3 is found on all T cells and is used to quantify total T cell count
• CD4 is a cell surface marker found only on T helper cells
• CD8 is a cell surface marker found on cytotoxic T cells
• B cells - acts as an antigen presenting cell
• IL-8 is the major neutrophil chemotactic factor, hence would be involved in the acute inflammatory response
• IL-10 is the 'anti-inflammatory' cytokine which attenuates the response by inhibiting macrophages and Th1 cells
• CD21 is the receptor for the Ebstein-Barr virus
• CD14 is a cell surface marker found on macrophages and monocytes