Abdul Karim was a Muslim clerk from India. In 1889, the Queen promoted him to be her "munshi", or teacher, of Hindustani. In 1890, she had a portrait commissioned of him, and in 1894, he became the Queen's Indian Secretary, and Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire. His favouring by the Queen was resented by members of the British establishment; the Secretary of State for India, Lord Elgin, had him investigated. After the death of Victoria, King Edward VII ordered all papers concerning the late Queen in Abdul's possession to be burned.