2. The Multi-Store Model of Memory

avatar
Created by
C

Cards (8)

    1. The Multi-Store Model of Memory
    Atkinson + Shiffrin:
    • MSM.
    • 3 separate memory stores; info transferred in linear sequence.
    • Sensory memory, STM/LTM.
  • 2. The Multi-Store Model of Memory
    Sensory Register:
    • Coding - sensory specific.
    • Capacity - large.
    • Duration - 1/2 sec.
    STM:
    • Coding - acoustically.
    • Capacity - 7 +/-2.
    • Duration - 18sec.
    LTM:
    • Coding - semantically.
    • Capacity - unlimited.
    • Duration - lifetime (47yrs).
  • 3. The Multi-Store Model of Memory
    • Info passes store to store (linear).
    • Info processing model (like computer); input/output.
    • Info/stimulus detected by sensory register, enters sensory memory (stores sensory impression).
    • If paid attention to, passed to STM; then provides response.
    • If given meaning through elaborative rehearsal, passed to LTM.
    • If want to recall info from LTM, has to be transferred back into STM (retrieval).
  • 4. The Multi-Store Model of Memory
    Real-Life Application - Henry Molaison (HM):
    • Supports MSM, LTM/STM (two distinct stores).
    • Hippocampus removed, STM intact.
    • After accident, LTM damaged (couldn’t form new memories).
  • The Multi-Store Model of Memory (Evaluation)
    Strength:
    P - support studies showing STM/LTM different.
    E - Baddeley (1966), mix up words sound similar in STM; mix up words w/ similar meanings LTM.
    E - more support from capacity/duration studies.
    L - distinction between STM/LTM, separate stores.
  • The Multi-Store Model of Memory (Evaluation)

    Limitation:
    P - IRL memories related to all sorts useful things e.g. faces, names, etc.
    E - many studies supporting MSM (e.g. P + P, 1959 or Baddeley, 1966) didn’t use meaningful materials (lack external validity).
    L - MSM not valid model of how memory works IRL.
  • The Multi-Store Model of Memory (Evaluation)

    Limitation:
    P - evidence of more than one STM store.
    E - Shallice + Warrington (1970), client KF amnesia; STM, digits poor when read aloud to him.
    E - recall better when read digits himself; could’ve been another STM for non-verbal sounds (e.g. noises).
    L - MSM wrong claiming just one STM store processing diff types info.
  • The Multi-Store Model of Memory (Evaluation)

    Limitation:
    P - prolonged rehearsal not needed for transfer to LTM.
    E - Craik + Watkins (1973), type rehearsal more important than amount.
    E - elaborative rehearsal needed for LTM storage; link info to existing knowledge.
    L - MSM not fully explain how LTM achieved, prolonged rehearsal not needed.