Drugs for Anesthesia

• Local Anesthesia


  Groupings: "Amides and Esters"
• Local Anesthesia


  • Stop axonal conduction by blocking sodium channels
  • Involves loss of sensation and motor activity in localized areas of the body (nerve conduction is lost)
• Side and adverse effects of Local Anesthesia


  • CNS excitation followed by depression
  • Tinnitus (ringing in the ear)
  • Tremors
  • Anxiety
• Route of administration of Local Anesthesia

  • Topical
  • Infiltration
  • Nerve Block
  • Intravenous Regional
  • Epidural
  • Spinal
• Lidocaine


  Topical and injectable, most popular drug
• Amides


  Less allergic reactions
• Amides


  • Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
• Esters


  More allergic reactions
• Esters


  • Chloroprocaine (Nescaine)
• General Anesthesia (Inhaled anesthesia)

  Types: Inhaled and Intravenous anesthesia
• Side and Adverse effects of Inhaled General Anesthesia


  • Low BP
  • Respiratory depression
  • Shivering
  • N/V
• Side and Adverse effects of Intravenous anesthesia

  • Respiratory depression
  • Apnea
  • Hypotension
• What is the mechanism of action of Amides?


  Stabilize the neuronal membrane by binding to and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels

  
  

  Inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses and affecting local anesthesia
• What is the mechanism of action of Esters?


  Decreases the influx of sodium into the nerve cell and depresses depolarization to prevent the conduction of the nerve impulses
• What is the mechanism of action of Inhaled Anesthesia?


  Enhancing transmission at inhibitory synapses  and depressing transmission of excitatory synapses
• What is the mechanism of action of Intravenous Anesthesia?

  Ultra-short-acting drugs, CNS depressants
• What are the nursing implications for Local Anesthesia?

  • Apply drugs while appyling because they making your fingers numb 
  • Numb the area before giving drug, asses allergic reactions 
  • Should be injected slowly, dont want it in a vein 
• What are the nursing implications of General Anesthesia?

  • Monitor vital signs and LOC closely!
  • Administer oxygen
  • Complete postoperative checklist (Ask if they have any metal on/in them)
  • Thorough preoperative physical assessment