Glycolysis

• What is glycolysis?

  the process cells use to make energy from glucose in cellular respiration
• Describe the process of glycolysis

  • 6C sugar is usually glucose
  • glucose made more reactive from two phosphate groups as a result of hydrolysis of two ATP molecules
  • provides energy to lower activation energy of glucose for enzyme controlled reactions
  • each glucose split into two triose phosphate molecules that are then oxidised
  • hydrogen atom removed and transferred to NAD
  • enzyme-controlled reactions convert triose phosphate into pyruvate
  • two molecules of ATP generated from each reaction
• Where does glycolysis occur?

  Cytoplasm
• What happens during the phosphorylation stage of glycolysis?

  • glucose made more reactive by phosphate groups from ATP
  • phosphate groups lower activation energy
  • phosphorylated glucose produced
  • phosphorylated glucose splits into two 3 carbon molecules called triose phosphate
• What happens during the oxidation stage of glycolysis?

  • triose phosphate oxidises as hydrogen is removed
  • hydrogen transfers to NAD
  • NAD becomes reduced
  • triose phosphate converts to 3 carbon molecule called pyruvate
  • this produces two ATP molecules per triose phosphate